FSHN 362 Exam 2 With
Complete Solution
What are three reasons increased energy is required during pregnancy? -
ANSWER 1. Fetus growth & metab
2. Inc. fat stores & accessory supporting tissue
3. Inc. body weight & BMR = more work for mother
Healthy dietary patterns can improve ...? Is there a special diet they need to
go on? - ANSWER Pregnancy outcome;
For the most part nutrient needs can be optimally me in well balanced diets
How many total calories are needed in the 40 weeks of pregnancy, based on
for a mother who gains 12.5 kg and to give birth to a 3.3 kg infant? -
ANSWER 80,000
How many extra calories a day in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy? -
ANSWER 300
What are 3 reasons that increased protein synthesis is needed during
pregnancy? (less is used for energy) - ANSWER 1. In mother: expansion of
blood vol
2. growth of uterus/breasts
2. Placenta and growing fetus
What are the protein amount requirements during pregnancy, assuming 30%
is from animal sources? - ANSWER 10 g extra/day (71 g)
,-use complementation of proteins
What is the protein sparing effect? - ANSWER Protein requirement depends
on calorie intake, so body will use other sources before protein.
With low protein intake, N balance can be improved w. inc. energy, but only
up to a certain point. With adequate protein, inc. energy intake constantly
helps improve N balance
What are 2 essential fatty acids needed during pregnancy and what are some
sources? - ANSWER 1. Lenoleic Acid (omega 6) - safflower, sunflower, corn
2. Linolenic (omega 3) -flax seed, walnut, soybean, and canola oil
Why are essential FA's needed during pregnancy? (2 reasons) - ANSWER 1.
Fetus development of brain & nervous system
2. Eicosanoids - for inflammation & immunity
EPA and DHA is what? Where can you get these? - ANSWER Alpha linolenic
acid (omega 3)
Fish and seafood
Why is it important to consume EPA and DHA during pregnancy? - ANSWER
Low stores = pre-term birth
Better vision, higher intelligence, & mature CNS
What are some foods that have low mercury? High mercury? - ANSWER Low:
shrimp, tuna, salmon, catfish
High: sword fish, king mackerel, shark
During the first trimester, why is there a positive balance of calcium in the
, mother? - ANSWER Inc. intestinal absorption
Inc. storage in bone for anticipated need
Decrease in urine production
Calcium is important because what is maintained by bone demineralization? -
ANSWER homeostasis
What hormones stimulate the release of PTH? What is this for? - ANSWER
Estrogen and progesterone
To increase calcium uptake
Describe the relationship between calcium and vitamin D - ANSWER
Increased Ca uptake in the intestine, with increased hormones from lactation
and pregnancy & a dec. of plasma Ca --> PTH release --> helps with
activation of 25-OHD --> 1,25-di OHD in kidney
-helps inc. calcium uptake in intestine again
-inc. Ca release from bone
-inc. Ca retention by kidney
What age group needs increased phosphorus during pregnancy? Where is
phosphorus stored? - ANSWER < 18y; bone
Where is magnesium stored? What can a Mg deficiency cause? - ANSWER
bone;
impaired contractions during labor
What 3 reasons is iron needed throughout the pregnancy for? - ANSWER 1.
Expanding RBC mass
Complete Solution
What are three reasons increased energy is required during pregnancy? -
ANSWER 1. Fetus growth & metab
2. Inc. fat stores & accessory supporting tissue
3. Inc. body weight & BMR = more work for mother
Healthy dietary patterns can improve ...? Is there a special diet they need to
go on? - ANSWER Pregnancy outcome;
For the most part nutrient needs can be optimally me in well balanced diets
How many total calories are needed in the 40 weeks of pregnancy, based on
for a mother who gains 12.5 kg and to give birth to a 3.3 kg infant? -
ANSWER 80,000
How many extra calories a day in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy? -
ANSWER 300
What are 3 reasons that increased protein synthesis is needed during
pregnancy? (less is used for energy) - ANSWER 1. In mother: expansion of
blood vol
2. growth of uterus/breasts
2. Placenta and growing fetus
What are the protein amount requirements during pregnancy, assuming 30%
is from animal sources? - ANSWER 10 g extra/day (71 g)
,-use complementation of proteins
What is the protein sparing effect? - ANSWER Protein requirement depends
on calorie intake, so body will use other sources before protein.
With low protein intake, N balance can be improved w. inc. energy, but only
up to a certain point. With adequate protein, inc. energy intake constantly
helps improve N balance
What are 2 essential fatty acids needed during pregnancy and what are some
sources? - ANSWER 1. Lenoleic Acid (omega 6) - safflower, sunflower, corn
2. Linolenic (omega 3) -flax seed, walnut, soybean, and canola oil
Why are essential FA's needed during pregnancy? (2 reasons) - ANSWER 1.
Fetus development of brain & nervous system
2. Eicosanoids - for inflammation & immunity
EPA and DHA is what? Where can you get these? - ANSWER Alpha linolenic
acid (omega 3)
Fish and seafood
Why is it important to consume EPA and DHA during pregnancy? - ANSWER
Low stores = pre-term birth
Better vision, higher intelligence, & mature CNS
What are some foods that have low mercury? High mercury? - ANSWER Low:
shrimp, tuna, salmon, catfish
High: sword fish, king mackerel, shark
During the first trimester, why is there a positive balance of calcium in the
, mother? - ANSWER Inc. intestinal absorption
Inc. storage in bone for anticipated need
Decrease in urine production
Calcium is important because what is maintained by bone demineralization? -
ANSWER homeostasis
What hormones stimulate the release of PTH? What is this for? - ANSWER
Estrogen and progesterone
To increase calcium uptake
Describe the relationship between calcium and vitamin D - ANSWER
Increased Ca uptake in the intestine, with increased hormones from lactation
and pregnancy & a dec. of plasma Ca --> PTH release --> helps with
activation of 25-OHD --> 1,25-di OHD in kidney
-helps inc. calcium uptake in intestine again
-inc. Ca release from bone
-inc. Ca retention by kidney
What age group needs increased phosphorus during pregnancy? Where is
phosphorus stored? - ANSWER < 18y; bone
Where is magnesium stored? What can a Mg deficiency cause? - ANSWER
bone;
impaired contractions during labor
What 3 reasons is iron needed throughout the pregnancy for? - ANSWER 1.
Expanding RBC mass
