FSHN 362 Exam 3 With
Complete Solution
What is an antigen - ANSWER foreign protein substance which results in
formation of immune response such as antibodies in the body
When are the CDC charts used and what do they identify? - ANSWER 2-19
years old; How typical children in the US did grow during a specific period
***Standards of how children should grow in optimal conditions***
When are the WHO charts used and what do they reflect? - ANSWER 0-2 yrs
old; Growth patterns among children who were predominantly breastfed for
at least 4 months and still breastfeeding at 12 months
Physical Changes - ANSWER Difference in pattern on growth is a function of
genetic, hormonal, nutritional and environmental influences
What happens to digestion and absorption during physiological changes -
ANSWER Gastric PH: slightly alkaline
Enzyme Development: stomach holds 10-12 ml @birth and incr. to 200 ml in
1 year
Intestinal size- large in relation to body size so they have higher absorption
area
what happens during Renal development - ANSWER has immature kidney as
newborn will reach maturity in 5 mo
When and why is Biochemical assessment taken> - ANSWER Not a routine
,Performed if marginal nutrition status is expected
lead toxicity incr. risk for iron deficiency
What do you measure with Anthropometry - ANSWER Recumbent length,
weight, head circum up to 3 yrs, skin folds only when wt/ht is less than 10 or
greater than 90th percentile
During a dietary assessment how do you tell if the infant has normal levels -
ANSWER Breast fed- one stool/ per day
6-8 wet diapers
How does an infant grow in one year? - ANSWER Triples in birth weight
Doubles in length
and 30% increase in head circumference
How fast the growth is in infants - ANSWER Length: 1in/mo for 1st 6 months
0.5 in/mo for 2nd 6 months
Weight: 2.2 lbs/mo first 6 mo
1 lb/mo 2nd 6 mo
Head Circum- 4.7 in from birth to 1 year
What is the SIDS recommendation? - ANSWER One year in the parents room
but not their bed
What happens with the catch up and lagged down growth pattern? -
ANSWER Breast and formula fed infants gain weight at about the same rate
during early infancy
,4-6 months breast fed infants grow slower
Why do newborns lose 6% of their weight during the first few days -
ANSWER fluid loss
What is the body fat of infants? - ANSWER % of body weight as fat
inc. from 12-14% @ birth to 25% @ 6-9 months and decr. to 23% later
What is Fat free mass and what happens? - ANSWER Lean body mass + bone
mass
Protein increases from 12 to 15% in 1 yr
What other physical changes happen to the infant after born - ANSWER Head
size will go down
Torso and leg size incr.
What is neurodevelopment - ANSWER Head movement, grasping
What is cognitive development - ANSWER Perception , object permanence,
object recognition
language- repetitive sounds @ 6 mo
What happens for psychosocial development - ANSWER Close physical
contact during feeding for healthy development;
Feed as soon as they express hunger to build trust and well being
What factors are necessary for digestion at birth? - ANSWER H+, pepsin, fat,
and lactase
How is the adult requirements for nutrients differ from infants - ANSWER
Infants need 2-3X more than adults per kg of body weight
, What are energy needs based on? - ANSWER Basal metabolic rate
thermic effect of food
physical activity
maintenance
growth
energy losses in urine and feces
What are the total energy needs to increase to during 1 st yr but not by body
weight? - ANSWER 108 kcal/kg <6 mo - 650 kcals
98 kcal/kg 6-1 yr- 850 kcals
What happens to energy needs for growth when we age and the energy
expenditure for physical activity with age - ANSWER It decreases, It increases
How much protein is needed for 1yr - ANSWER 1.52g/kg - 0-6 mo
1.2g/kg- 7-12 mo
Protein is the synthesis of what - ANSWER New body tissue
Enzymes
Hormones
What 3 additional Amino Acids do children and infants require - ANSWER
cysteine, tyrosine, and arginine
What happens if calories are inadequate - ANSWER protein is used
Why does protein intake dependent of energy intake? - ANSWER Energy
intake is important for proteins synthesis and proteins are used if not enough
Complete Solution
What is an antigen - ANSWER foreign protein substance which results in
formation of immune response such as antibodies in the body
When are the CDC charts used and what do they identify? - ANSWER 2-19
years old; How typical children in the US did grow during a specific period
***Standards of how children should grow in optimal conditions***
When are the WHO charts used and what do they reflect? - ANSWER 0-2 yrs
old; Growth patterns among children who were predominantly breastfed for
at least 4 months and still breastfeeding at 12 months
Physical Changes - ANSWER Difference in pattern on growth is a function of
genetic, hormonal, nutritional and environmental influences
What happens to digestion and absorption during physiological changes -
ANSWER Gastric PH: slightly alkaline
Enzyme Development: stomach holds 10-12 ml @birth and incr. to 200 ml in
1 year
Intestinal size- large in relation to body size so they have higher absorption
area
what happens during Renal development - ANSWER has immature kidney as
newborn will reach maturity in 5 mo
When and why is Biochemical assessment taken> - ANSWER Not a routine
,Performed if marginal nutrition status is expected
lead toxicity incr. risk for iron deficiency
What do you measure with Anthropometry - ANSWER Recumbent length,
weight, head circum up to 3 yrs, skin folds only when wt/ht is less than 10 or
greater than 90th percentile
During a dietary assessment how do you tell if the infant has normal levels -
ANSWER Breast fed- one stool/ per day
6-8 wet diapers
How does an infant grow in one year? - ANSWER Triples in birth weight
Doubles in length
and 30% increase in head circumference
How fast the growth is in infants - ANSWER Length: 1in/mo for 1st 6 months
0.5 in/mo for 2nd 6 months
Weight: 2.2 lbs/mo first 6 mo
1 lb/mo 2nd 6 mo
Head Circum- 4.7 in from birth to 1 year
What is the SIDS recommendation? - ANSWER One year in the parents room
but not their bed
What happens with the catch up and lagged down growth pattern? -
ANSWER Breast and formula fed infants gain weight at about the same rate
during early infancy
,4-6 months breast fed infants grow slower
Why do newborns lose 6% of their weight during the first few days -
ANSWER fluid loss
What is the body fat of infants? - ANSWER % of body weight as fat
inc. from 12-14% @ birth to 25% @ 6-9 months and decr. to 23% later
What is Fat free mass and what happens? - ANSWER Lean body mass + bone
mass
Protein increases from 12 to 15% in 1 yr
What other physical changes happen to the infant after born - ANSWER Head
size will go down
Torso and leg size incr.
What is neurodevelopment - ANSWER Head movement, grasping
What is cognitive development - ANSWER Perception , object permanence,
object recognition
language- repetitive sounds @ 6 mo
What happens for psychosocial development - ANSWER Close physical
contact during feeding for healthy development;
Feed as soon as they express hunger to build trust and well being
What factors are necessary for digestion at birth? - ANSWER H+, pepsin, fat,
and lactase
How is the adult requirements for nutrients differ from infants - ANSWER
Infants need 2-3X more than adults per kg of body weight
, What are energy needs based on? - ANSWER Basal metabolic rate
thermic effect of food
physical activity
maintenance
growth
energy losses in urine and feces
What are the total energy needs to increase to during 1 st yr but not by body
weight? - ANSWER 108 kcal/kg <6 mo - 650 kcals
98 kcal/kg 6-1 yr- 850 kcals
What happens to energy needs for growth when we age and the energy
expenditure for physical activity with age - ANSWER It decreases, It increases
How much protein is needed for 1yr - ANSWER 1.52g/kg - 0-6 mo
1.2g/kg- 7-12 mo
Protein is the synthesis of what - ANSWER New body tissue
Enzymes
Hormones
What 3 additional Amino Acids do children and infants require - ANSWER
cysteine, tyrosine, and arginine
What happens if calories are inadequate - ANSWER protein is used
Why does protein intake dependent of energy intake? - ANSWER Energy
intake is important for proteins synthesis and proteins are used if not enough
