11/7/24, 1:56 AM NHM 101 exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet
NHM 101 exam 2 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+.V
Starch-grain products (in plants)
What are the dietary carbohydrates and
Fibers-legumes, vegetables, and fruit (in plants)
where do they come from?
Sugars-natural sugars (milk, fruit), added sugars
What are the simple carbohydrates? Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
What are the complex carbohydrates? Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides
What are common Monosaccharides? Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
What is the energy source for all cells? Glucose
What is the sweetest of the Fructose
Monosaccharides?
What are the three most common Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose
Disaccharides?
What is Maltose made up of? Glucose + Glucose
What is Sucrose made up of? Glucose + Fructose; sweetest of Disaccharides
What is Lactose made up of? Glucose + Galactose
The bonds between fiber's Monosaccharides cannot be broken down by digestive
Why can fiber not be digested?
enzymes
What is Glycogen? The storage form of glucose/energy in animals (liver and muscle)
Where does carb digestion begin? In the mouth
A chemical reaction in which two or more Dehydration synthesis (condensation)
molecules combine to form one larger
molecule through the removal of water
A chemical reaction in which one molecule Hydrolysis
is split into two or more molecules through
the addition of water
What are three nutritionally important Glycogen, Starch, Fiber
Polysaccharides?
What is starch made up of? Many glucose units linked together
What is Glycogen made up of? Many glucose units linked together; food is not a good source of glycogen
What is fiber made up of? Different Monosaccharides and other carbohydrate derivatives
Dissolves in water, viscous and Soluble fibers (Oats, barley, legumes, citrus fruits)
fermentable; reduce cholesterol and
glucose levels
Do not dissolve in water; promote bowel Insoluble fibers (bran and vegetables)
movements and alleviate constipation
Does the stomach digest carbohydrates? No
What happens in the mouth during carb Salivary amylase breaks down a small amount of starch to maltose
digestion?
What happens in the pancreas during carb Pancreatic amylase breaks down most starch to maltose
digestion?
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, 11/7/24, 1:56 AM NHM 101 exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet
What happens in the small intestine during Maltase digests maltose into glucose; Sucrase digests sucrose to glucose and
carb digestion? fructose; Lactase digests lactose to glucose and galactose
What is the end product of carb digestion? Monosaccharides
What happens to fibers in the large Fibers remain and attract water; Bacteria in large intestine ferment some fibers
intestine? (mainly soluble)-->generates water and gas
Primarily takes place in SI; passed into bloodstream and goes to liver through
What happens during carb absorption? hepatic portal vein; the liver metabolizes fructose and galactose to glucose; glucose
sent to body's cells for energy
Lactase declines with age (only about 30% of adults have enough)
What are the causes of lactose
Lactase deficiency (Intestinal villi are damaged by disease, medications, prolonged
intolerance?
diarrhea)
How is glycogen formed? From excess glucose molecules
Liver breaks down glycogen when blood glucose falls and releases glucose into the
How is glycogen broken down?
blood (muscles break down their glycogen to use by themselves)
What is it called when the body makes new Gluconeogenesis
glucose from protein in the body?
How is blood glucose homeostasis By insulin and glucagon (both are secreted by pancreas)
regulated?
Function of insulin blood glucose rises-->insulin is released
Function of glucagon blood glucose falls-->glucagon is released
What is it called when blood glucose diabetes
remains above normal after a meal due to
inadequate or ineffective insulin?
Type 1 Diabetes Pancreas does not produce enough or any insulin
Type 2 Diabetes Cells do not respond to insulin
Blood glucose drops below the normal Hypoglycemia
range
Corn syrup solids, Dextrose, Fructose, High fructose corn syrup, Honey, Lactose,
List some added sugars
Malt syrup, Nectars, Raw sugar, Sucrose
What is the AMDR for carbs? 45-65%
What is the recommended intake of fiber 25 grams or more for women
for men and women? 35 grams or more for men
What is protein made up of? Amino acids
central carbon atom, hydrogen atom, acid group, amino group, side group varies
Basic structure of amino acids
with each amino acid
What are essential amino acids and how body cannot synthesize so we must get them from our diet; 9
many are there?
Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine,
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
Tryptophan, Valine
Structure of protein Linked together by peptide bonds
Primary structure (amino acid sequence)
Secondary structure (polypeptide shapes)
Four levels of protein structures
Tertiary Structure (polypeptide tangle)
Quaternary structure (multiple polypeptide interactions)
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NHM 101 exam 2 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+.V
Starch-grain products (in plants)
What are the dietary carbohydrates and
Fibers-legumes, vegetables, and fruit (in plants)
where do they come from?
Sugars-natural sugars (milk, fruit), added sugars
What are the simple carbohydrates? Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
What are the complex carbohydrates? Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides
What are common Monosaccharides? Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
What is the energy source for all cells? Glucose
What is the sweetest of the Fructose
Monosaccharides?
What are the three most common Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose
Disaccharides?
What is Maltose made up of? Glucose + Glucose
What is Sucrose made up of? Glucose + Fructose; sweetest of Disaccharides
What is Lactose made up of? Glucose + Galactose
The bonds between fiber's Monosaccharides cannot be broken down by digestive
Why can fiber not be digested?
enzymes
What is Glycogen? The storage form of glucose/energy in animals (liver and muscle)
Where does carb digestion begin? In the mouth
A chemical reaction in which two or more Dehydration synthesis (condensation)
molecules combine to form one larger
molecule through the removal of water
A chemical reaction in which one molecule Hydrolysis
is split into two or more molecules through
the addition of water
What are three nutritionally important Glycogen, Starch, Fiber
Polysaccharides?
What is starch made up of? Many glucose units linked together
What is Glycogen made up of? Many glucose units linked together; food is not a good source of glycogen
What is fiber made up of? Different Monosaccharides and other carbohydrate derivatives
Dissolves in water, viscous and Soluble fibers (Oats, barley, legumes, citrus fruits)
fermentable; reduce cholesterol and
glucose levels
Do not dissolve in water; promote bowel Insoluble fibers (bran and vegetables)
movements and alleviate constipation
Does the stomach digest carbohydrates? No
What happens in the mouth during carb Salivary amylase breaks down a small amount of starch to maltose
digestion?
What happens in the pancreas during carb Pancreatic amylase breaks down most starch to maltose
digestion?
https://quizlet.com/831433437/nhm-101-exam-2-flash-cards/ 1/5
, 11/7/24, 1:56 AM NHM 101 exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet
What happens in the small intestine during Maltase digests maltose into glucose; Sucrase digests sucrose to glucose and
carb digestion? fructose; Lactase digests lactose to glucose and galactose
What is the end product of carb digestion? Monosaccharides
What happens to fibers in the large Fibers remain and attract water; Bacteria in large intestine ferment some fibers
intestine? (mainly soluble)-->generates water and gas
Primarily takes place in SI; passed into bloodstream and goes to liver through
What happens during carb absorption? hepatic portal vein; the liver metabolizes fructose and galactose to glucose; glucose
sent to body's cells for energy
Lactase declines with age (only about 30% of adults have enough)
What are the causes of lactose
Lactase deficiency (Intestinal villi are damaged by disease, medications, prolonged
intolerance?
diarrhea)
How is glycogen formed? From excess glucose molecules
Liver breaks down glycogen when blood glucose falls and releases glucose into the
How is glycogen broken down?
blood (muscles break down their glycogen to use by themselves)
What is it called when the body makes new Gluconeogenesis
glucose from protein in the body?
How is blood glucose homeostasis By insulin and glucagon (both are secreted by pancreas)
regulated?
Function of insulin blood glucose rises-->insulin is released
Function of glucagon blood glucose falls-->glucagon is released
What is it called when blood glucose diabetes
remains above normal after a meal due to
inadequate or ineffective insulin?
Type 1 Diabetes Pancreas does not produce enough or any insulin
Type 2 Diabetes Cells do not respond to insulin
Blood glucose drops below the normal Hypoglycemia
range
Corn syrup solids, Dextrose, Fructose, High fructose corn syrup, Honey, Lactose,
List some added sugars
Malt syrup, Nectars, Raw sugar, Sucrose
What is the AMDR for carbs? 45-65%
What is the recommended intake of fiber 25 grams or more for women
for men and women? 35 grams or more for men
What is protein made up of? Amino acids
central carbon atom, hydrogen atom, acid group, amino group, side group varies
Basic structure of amino acids
with each amino acid
What are essential amino acids and how body cannot synthesize so we must get them from our diet; 9
many are there?
Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine,
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
Tryptophan, Valine
Structure of protein Linked together by peptide bonds
Primary structure (amino acid sequence)
Secondary structure (polypeptide shapes)
Four levels of protein structures
Tertiary Structure (polypeptide tangle)
Quaternary structure (multiple polypeptide interactions)
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