APK2100C Chapter 13 Test With
Complete Solution
Rostral - ANSWER [Quadripedal] Towards the snout
[Bipedal] Towards the nose
Caudal - ANSWER [Quadripedal] Towards the tail
[Bipedal] Towards the end of spinal cord
4 Major Divisions of the Brain - ANSWER (1) Cerebrum
(2) Diencephalon
(3) Cerebellum
(4) Brain Stem
Cerebrum - ANSWER - Largest part of the brain
- Contains more than 80% of the brain's mass
- Includes left and right hemispheres
- External "wrinkles" increase surface area
Diencephalon - ANSWER Gives rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and
epithalamus
Cerebellum - ANSWER 2nd largest part of the brain
Brain Stem - ANSWER - Rostral continuation of the spinal code
,- Consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
[Structure] Brain Ventricle - ANSWER - Cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities
within the brain
- Are continuous with each other and the central canal
- Lined with CILIATED ependymal cells
[Function] Brain Ventricle - ANSWER Provides brain nourishment to nearby
regions using the CSF
The {Lateral Ventricles} are associated with what adult brain structure? -
ANSWER Cerebrum -> Containing the cerebral hemispheres (cortex, white
matter, basal nuclei)
The {Third Ventricle} is associated with what adult brain structures? -
ANSWER - Diencephalon (with its 3 divisions)
- Retina
The {Cerebral Aqueduct} is associated with what adult brain structure? -
ANSWER Midbrain (part of brain stem)
The {Fourth Ventricle} is associated with what adult brain structures? -
ANSWER - Pons (part of brain stem)
- Medulla Oblongata (part of brain stem)
- Cerebellum
The {Central Canal} is associated with what adult brain structure? - ANSWER
Spinal cord
The General Flow of Brain Ventricles - ANSWER **Going from rostral to
, caudal
2 Lateral Ventricles (one per hemisphere) -> Folds into the Third Ventricle ->
Folds into Cerebral Aqueduct -> Folds into Fourth Ventricle -> Down the
Central Canal to the spinal cord
Grey Matter of the Cerebrum - ANSWER - Contains a superficial cerebral
cortex and deep grey matter
- Presence of neuronal cell bodies and short nonmyelinated axons
White Matter of the Cerebrum - ANSWER - Contains cerebral white matter
- Presence of mainly myelinated axons
Sulcus - ANSWER - Shallow grooves on the surface of the cerebrum
- Separates individual lobes
Fissure - ANSWER Deep grooves of the cerebrum
Gyrus - ANSWER - The ridge or external "wrinkles" of the brain to increase
surface area
- Foldings that are found on either side of the central sulcus
4 Main Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex - ANSWER (1) Frontal
(2) Parietal
(3) Occipital
(4) Temporal
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is the most rostral? - ANSWER Frontal lobe
Transverse Cerebral Fissure - ANSWER - Separates cerebrum and cerebellum
Complete Solution
Rostral - ANSWER [Quadripedal] Towards the snout
[Bipedal] Towards the nose
Caudal - ANSWER [Quadripedal] Towards the tail
[Bipedal] Towards the end of spinal cord
4 Major Divisions of the Brain - ANSWER (1) Cerebrum
(2) Diencephalon
(3) Cerebellum
(4) Brain Stem
Cerebrum - ANSWER - Largest part of the brain
- Contains more than 80% of the brain's mass
- Includes left and right hemispheres
- External "wrinkles" increase surface area
Diencephalon - ANSWER Gives rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and
epithalamus
Cerebellum - ANSWER 2nd largest part of the brain
Brain Stem - ANSWER - Rostral continuation of the spinal code
,- Consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
[Structure] Brain Ventricle - ANSWER - Cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities
within the brain
- Are continuous with each other and the central canal
- Lined with CILIATED ependymal cells
[Function] Brain Ventricle - ANSWER Provides brain nourishment to nearby
regions using the CSF
The {Lateral Ventricles} are associated with what adult brain structure? -
ANSWER Cerebrum -> Containing the cerebral hemispheres (cortex, white
matter, basal nuclei)
The {Third Ventricle} is associated with what adult brain structures? -
ANSWER - Diencephalon (with its 3 divisions)
- Retina
The {Cerebral Aqueduct} is associated with what adult brain structure? -
ANSWER Midbrain (part of brain stem)
The {Fourth Ventricle} is associated with what adult brain structures? -
ANSWER - Pons (part of brain stem)
- Medulla Oblongata (part of brain stem)
- Cerebellum
The {Central Canal} is associated with what adult brain structure? - ANSWER
Spinal cord
The General Flow of Brain Ventricles - ANSWER **Going from rostral to
, caudal
2 Lateral Ventricles (one per hemisphere) -> Folds into the Third Ventricle ->
Folds into Cerebral Aqueduct -> Folds into Fourth Ventricle -> Down the
Central Canal to the spinal cord
Grey Matter of the Cerebrum - ANSWER - Contains a superficial cerebral
cortex and deep grey matter
- Presence of neuronal cell bodies and short nonmyelinated axons
White Matter of the Cerebrum - ANSWER - Contains cerebral white matter
- Presence of mainly myelinated axons
Sulcus - ANSWER - Shallow grooves on the surface of the cerebrum
- Separates individual lobes
Fissure - ANSWER Deep grooves of the cerebrum
Gyrus - ANSWER - The ridge or external "wrinkles" of the brain to increase
surface area
- Foldings that are found on either side of the central sulcus
4 Main Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex - ANSWER (1) Frontal
(2) Parietal
(3) Occipital
(4) Temporal
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is the most rostral? - ANSWER Frontal lobe
Transverse Cerebral Fissure - ANSWER - Separates cerebrum and cerebellum
