Shrm-Cp 2025

Globalization - answer-Status of growing interconnectedness and interdependency among countries, people, markets, and organizations worldwide. Offshoring - answer-Method by which an organization relocates its processes or production to an international location through subsidiaries or third-party affiliates. Onshoring - answer-Relocation of business processes or production to a lower-cost location inside the same country as the business. Outsourcing - answer-Process by which an organization contracts with third-party vendors to provide selected services/activities instead of hiring new employees. Process alignment - answer-Extent to which underlying operations such as IT, finance, or HR integrate across locations. Near-shoring - answer-Practice of contracting a part of business processes or production to an external company in a country that is relatively close (for example, within the same own region). Multinational enterprises (mnes) - answer-Organizations that own or control production or service facilities in one or more countries other than the home country. Assignees - answer-Employees who work outside their home countries. Identity alignment - answer-Extent to which diversity is embraced in management of people, products/services, and branding. Global integration (GI) - answer-Globalization strategy that emphasizes consistency of approach, standardization of processes, and a common corporate culture across global operations. Repatriation - answer-Process by which employees returning from international assignments reintegrate into their home country's culture, conditions, and employment. Local responsiveness (LR) - answer-Globalization strategy that emphasizes adapting to the needs of local markets and allows subsidiaries to develop unique products, structures, and systems. Redeployment - answer-Process by which an organization moves an employee out of an international assignment; can involve moving back to the home country, moving to a different global location, or moving to a new location or position in the current host country. Risk management - answer-System for identifying, evaluating, and controlling actual and potential risks to an organization. Risk - answer-Uncertainty that has an effect on an objective, where outcomes may include opportunities, losses, and threats. Single loss expectancy (SLE) - answer-Expected monetary loss every time a risk occurs; calculated by multiplying asset value by exposure factor. Risk scorecard - answer-Tool used to gather individual assessments of various characteristics of risk (for example, frequency of occurrence; degree of impact, loss, or gain for the organization; degree of efficacy of current controls). Principal-agent problem - answer-Situation in which an agent (for example, an employee) makes decisions for a principal (for example, an employer) potentially on the basis of personal incentives that may not be aligned with the principal's incentives. Risk control - answer-Action taken to manage a risk. Risk position - answer-Organization's desired gain or acceptable loss in value. Risk appetite - answer-A high-level characterization of the amount of uncertainty (acceptable risk) an organization is willing to pursue or to accept to attain its risk management goals. Contingency plan - answer-Protocol that an organization implements when an identified risk event occurs. Key risk indicators (kris) - answer-Metrics that provide an early signal of increasing risk exposures for an enterprise. Moral hazard - answer-Situation in which one party engages in risky behavior knowing that it is protected against the risk because another party will incur any resulting loss. Annualized loss expectancy (ALE) - answer-Expected monetary loss for an asset due to a risk over a one-year period; calculated by multiplying single loss expectancy by annualized rate of occurrence. Whistleblowing - answer-Reporting of an organization's violations of policies and processes by employees. Residual risk - answer-Amount of uncertainty that remains after all risk management efforts have been exhausted. Hazard - answer-Potential for harm, often associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in injury or illness. Duty of care - answer-Principle that organizations should take all steps that are reasonably possible to ensure the health, safety, and well-being of employees and protect them from foreseeable injury. Risk tolerance - answer-A characterization of the amount of uncertainty (acceptable risk) an organization is willing to pursue or to accept to attain its risk management goals, defined in a range above and below a target. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) - answer-Varying ways an organization can create value, looking beyond traditional profit measures of revenue and expenses; includes such areas as philanthropy, volunteerism, corporate-sponsored community programs, social change, sustainability, corporate governance, employee rights, and workplace safety. Governance - answer-System of rules and processes set up by an organization to ensure its compliance with local and international laws, accounting rules, ethical norms, internal codes of conduct, and other standards. Triple bottom line - answer-Economic, social, and environmental impact metrics used to determine an organization's success. Compliance - answer-State of being in accordance with all national, federal, regional, and/or local laws, regulations, and/or other government authority requirements applicable to the places in which an organization operates. Ethics - answer-Set of behavioral guidelines that an organization expects all of its directors, managers, and employees to follow to ensure appropriate moral and ethical business standards. Sustainability - answer-Practice of purchasing and using resources wisely by balancing economic, social, and environmental concerns, with the goal of securing the interests of present and future generations. Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT Act) - answer-U.S act that frees employers who use third parties to conduct workplace investigations from the consent and disclosure requirements of the Fair Credit Reporting Act in certain cases. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) - answer-U.S act that prohibits discrimination against individuals on the basis of their genetic information in both employment and health insurance. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - answer-U.S. act that prohibits discrimination against a qualified individual with a disability because of his/her disability. Equal Pay Act (EPA) - answer-U.S. act that prohibits wage discrimination by requiring equal pay for equal or "substantially equal" work performed by men and women. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act - answer-U.S. act that established the first national policy for workplace safety and health and continues to deliver standards that employers must meet to guarantee the health and safety of their employees. Essential functions - answer-Primary job duties that a qualified individual must be able to perform, either with or without accommodation. Occupational illness - answer-Medical condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. Workweek - answer-Any fixed, recurring period of 168 consecutive hours (7 days times 24 hours = 168 hours). Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) - answer-U.S act that establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, youth employment, and record-keeping standards affecting full- and part-time workers in the private sector and in federal, state, and local governments. Adverse impact - answer-Type of discrimination that results when a policy that appears to be neutral has a discriminatory effect; also known as disparate impact. Independent contractors - answer-Self-employed individuals hired on a contract basis for specialized services. Prudent person rule - answer-States that a fiduciary of a plan covered by the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act has legal and financial obligations not to take more risks when investing employee benefit program funds than a reasonably knowledgeable, prudent investor would under similar circumstances. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) - answer-U.S. act that prohibits discrimination against job applicants on the basis of national origin or citizenship and establishes penalties for hiring undocumented workers. Occupational injury - answer-Injury that results from a work-related accident or exposure involving a single incident in the work environment. Executive Order 13672 - answer-Amends Executive Orders 11478 and 11246 to include gender identity and sexual orientation. Mcnamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act - answer-U.S. act that requires contractors and subcontractors on certain contracts to pay service employees in various classes no less than the wage rates and fringe benefits found in the locality or the rates found in the previous contractor's collective bargaining agreement. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act - answer-U.S. act that creates a rolling time frame for filing wage discrimination claims and expands plaintiff field beyond employee who was discriminated against. National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAA) - answer-U.S. acts that expanded FMLA