PALS 2025/ Actual Exam Questions with
Certified Solutions
Late signs of tissue hypoxia - Answer: - bradypnea, inadequate respiratory effort, apnea
- increased respiratory effort (head bobbing, seesaw respirations, grunting)
- bradycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- decreased level of consciousness
What is the role of the diaphragm during normal breathing in infants? - Answer: pulls the ribs
slightly inward
S/S mild respiratory distress - Answer: - mild tachypnea
- mild increase in respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
- abnormal airway sounds (stridor, wheezing, grunting)
S/S Severe respiratory distress - Answer: - marked tachypnea
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, - marked increase in respiratory effort
- paradoxical throacoabdominal breathing (seesaw breathing)
- accessory muscle use (head bobbing)
- abnormal airway sounds (grunting)
- decreased level of consciousness
S/S Impending respiratory arrest - Answer: - bradypnea, apnea, respiratory pauses
- low oxygen saturation (hypoxemia) despite high-flow supplemental oxygen
- inadequate respiratory effort (shallow respirations)
- decreased level of consciousness (unresponsive)
- bradycardia
What steps should be taken as part of initial management of a child in respiratory distress? -
Answer: - monitor O2 sat by pulse ox
- monitor HR, rhythm, and, BP
- support an open airway
Stridor - Answer: high-pitched breathing during inspirations
Crackles - Answer: breath sounds heart during expirations
How should 1-rescuer infant compressions be delivered? - Answer: - two fingers or two thumbs
- rate of 100-120
- single rescuer (30:2)
- two rescuer (15:2)
How should 1-rescurer child compressions be delivered? - Answer: either one or two hands
- compress at least 1/3 the chest diameter (approximately 2 inches)
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Certified Solutions
Late signs of tissue hypoxia - Answer: - bradypnea, inadequate respiratory effort, apnea
- increased respiratory effort (head bobbing, seesaw respirations, grunting)
- bradycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- decreased level of consciousness
What is the role of the diaphragm during normal breathing in infants? - Answer: pulls the ribs
slightly inward
S/S mild respiratory distress - Answer: - mild tachypnea
- mild increase in respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
- abnormal airway sounds (stridor, wheezing, grunting)
S/S Severe respiratory distress - Answer: - marked tachypnea
Page 1 of 10
, - marked increase in respiratory effort
- paradoxical throacoabdominal breathing (seesaw breathing)
- accessory muscle use (head bobbing)
- abnormal airway sounds (grunting)
- decreased level of consciousness
S/S Impending respiratory arrest - Answer: - bradypnea, apnea, respiratory pauses
- low oxygen saturation (hypoxemia) despite high-flow supplemental oxygen
- inadequate respiratory effort (shallow respirations)
- decreased level of consciousness (unresponsive)
- bradycardia
What steps should be taken as part of initial management of a child in respiratory distress? -
Answer: - monitor O2 sat by pulse ox
- monitor HR, rhythm, and, BP
- support an open airway
Stridor - Answer: high-pitched breathing during inspirations
Crackles - Answer: breath sounds heart during expirations
How should 1-rescuer infant compressions be delivered? - Answer: - two fingers or two thumbs
- rate of 100-120
- single rescuer (30:2)
- two rescuer (15:2)
How should 1-rescurer child compressions be delivered? - Answer: either one or two hands
- compress at least 1/3 the chest diameter (approximately 2 inches)
Page 2 of 10
