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NURS218 Exam #3 Questions and
Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
Psychological dependence - ✔✔feelings of satisfaction and pleasure from
taking a drug
Intoxication - ✔✔symptoms caused by recent ingestion of a substance
physical dependence - ✔✔physiological adaption to a chronic use of a
substance
withdrawal - ✔✔unpleasant symptoms that occur when the drug is stopped,
its actions antagonized, or dosage is decreased
tolerance - ✔✔when increasing doses are required to obtain psychological
effects or avoid physical withdrawal symptoms
Identify characteristics of substance abuse and dependence - ✔✔-all ages
-abuses one drug means possible abuse of others
-smoking/inhaling is the preferred route
-inject drug users are at risk for hepatitis & HIV
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Substance abuse - ✔✔DEFINITION: self administration for long periods/in
excessive amounts, physical dependence, and/or impairs body organ
functions
ETIOLOGY: genetics, personality characteristics
PATHPHYS: activate the pleasure or reward system in the brain
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: vary by abuse
Major goals of treatment for substance abuse - ✔✔detoxification, initiation
of abstinence, and prevention of relapse
Disulfiram (Antabuse) - ✔✔ACTION: causes irreversible inhibition of
aldehyde dehydrogenase
USE: to maintain abstinance
ADVERSE EFFECTS: nausea, copious vomiting, headache
Flumazenil (Romazicon) - ✔✔ACTION: competes at benzodiazepine
receptors
USE: reversal of benzodiazepine receptors (benzo overdose)
ADVERSE EFFECTS: acute withdrawal symptoms such as agitation,
confusion, seizures
BBW
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Bupropion (Zyban) - ✔✔ACTION: norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake
inhibitor (NDRI)
USE: major depression, smoking cessation
ADVERSE EFFECTS: headache, trouble sleeping, agitation
Alcohol - ✔✔EFFECTS: enhances GABA, or inhibits glutamate. causes
impaired thinking, judgement, and coordination
WITHDRAWAL: anxiety, depression, headache, tremor, hallucinations,
seizures. Delirium Tremors are the most severe form of alc. withdrawal.
TREATMENT: psychological counseling, self-help groups, naltrexone,
disolfram. benzos could be used
Benzodiazepines - ✔✔EFFECTS: enhances GABA, sedation
WITHDRAWAL: respiratory depression & coma, feelings of anxiety
TREATMENTS: Flumazonil
Opioids - ✔✔EFFECTS: respiratory depression, hypoglycemia
WITHDRAWAL: agitation, usual withdrawal symptoms
TREATMENTS: naloxone (acute), methadone (to maintain abstinence)
Nicotine - ✔✔EFFECTS: cardiovascular (release norepi & epi, increase HR
& BP) GI (increase secretion of gastric acids), increase alertness
WITHDRAWAL: hostility, insomnia, nervousness, cravings
NURS218 Exam #3 Questions and
Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+
Psychological dependence - ✔✔feelings of satisfaction and pleasure from
taking a drug
Intoxication - ✔✔symptoms caused by recent ingestion of a substance
physical dependence - ✔✔physiological adaption to a chronic use of a
substance
withdrawal - ✔✔unpleasant symptoms that occur when the drug is stopped,
its actions antagonized, or dosage is decreased
tolerance - ✔✔when increasing doses are required to obtain psychological
effects or avoid physical withdrawal symptoms
Identify characteristics of substance abuse and dependence - ✔✔-all ages
-abuses one drug means possible abuse of others
-smoking/inhaling is the preferred route
-inject drug users are at risk for hepatitis & HIV
,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Substance abuse - ✔✔DEFINITION: self administration for long periods/in
excessive amounts, physical dependence, and/or impairs body organ
functions
ETIOLOGY: genetics, personality characteristics
PATHPHYS: activate the pleasure or reward system in the brain
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: vary by abuse
Major goals of treatment for substance abuse - ✔✔detoxification, initiation
of abstinence, and prevention of relapse
Disulfiram (Antabuse) - ✔✔ACTION: causes irreversible inhibition of
aldehyde dehydrogenase
USE: to maintain abstinance
ADVERSE EFFECTS: nausea, copious vomiting, headache
Flumazenil (Romazicon) - ✔✔ACTION: competes at benzodiazepine
receptors
USE: reversal of benzodiazepine receptors (benzo overdose)
ADVERSE EFFECTS: acute withdrawal symptoms such as agitation,
confusion, seizures
BBW
, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Bupropion (Zyban) - ✔✔ACTION: norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake
inhibitor (NDRI)
USE: major depression, smoking cessation
ADVERSE EFFECTS: headache, trouble sleeping, agitation
Alcohol - ✔✔EFFECTS: enhances GABA, or inhibits glutamate. causes
impaired thinking, judgement, and coordination
WITHDRAWAL: anxiety, depression, headache, tremor, hallucinations,
seizures. Delirium Tremors are the most severe form of alc. withdrawal.
TREATMENT: psychological counseling, self-help groups, naltrexone,
disolfram. benzos could be used
Benzodiazepines - ✔✔EFFECTS: enhances GABA, sedation
WITHDRAWAL: respiratory depression & coma, feelings of anxiety
TREATMENTS: Flumazonil
Opioids - ✔✔EFFECTS: respiratory depression, hypoglycemia
WITHDRAWAL: agitation, usual withdrawal symptoms
TREATMENTS: naloxone (acute), methadone (to maintain abstinence)
Nicotine - ✔✔EFFECTS: cardiovascular (release norepi & epi, increase HR
& BP) GI (increase secretion of gastric acids), increase alertness
WITHDRAWAL: hostility, insomnia, nervousness, cravings
