RBC disorders Exam Study Guide Solutions

RBC disorders Exam Study Guide Solutions MCV: Mean cell volume - ANSWER-The average volume per red cell, expressed in femtoliters, Hematocrit/number of erythrocytes MCH: Mean cell hemoglobin - ANSWER-The average mass of hemoglobin per red cell, expressed in picograms, Hemoglobin/number of erythrocytes MCHC: Mean cell hemoglobin concentration - ANSWER-The average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red cells, expressed in grams per deciliter, Hemoglobin concentration/Hematocrit RDW: Red cell distribution width - ANSWER-the coefficent of variation of red cell volume Three causes of anemias - ANSWER-Blood loss (hemorrhage), Increased red cell destruction (hemolysis), decreased red cell production Small red blood cells are called and caused by - ANSWER-Microcytic (caused by iron deficiency, thalassemia) ©EMILLECT2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/12 Large red blood cells are called and caused by - ANSWER-Macrocytic (caused by folate or B12 deficiency) Hereditary spherocytosis manifests as: - ANSWER-spherocytic shaped cells with anemia, splenomegaly, and jaundice. There is both a dominant and recessive form (dominant mutation usually due to ankkyrin) recessive is usually worse Folate deficiency and B12 deficiency both interfere with what cellular process? - ANSWER-DNA synthesis What is the most common type of anemia in hospitalized patients? - ANSWER-Anemia of chronic disease (induced by chronic inflammation) What diseases are associated with anemia of chronic disease? - ANSWER-Microbial infections (ex. Osteomyelitis, endocarditis), Chronic immune disorders (ex. Rheumatiod arthritis), Neoplasms (ex. Hodgkin lymphoma) How does folate deficiency differ from B12 deficency? - ANSWER-Neurologic abnormalities do not occur with folate deficency Unless otherwise suggested a defciency of B12 in the western world is caused by: - ANSWER- pernicious anemia (i.e. inadequate absorption of b12, b12 need intrsinic factor for absorption) ©EMILLECT2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/12 Aplastic anemia is: - ANSWER-a disorder in which multipotent myeloid stem cells are suppressed leading to marrow failure and pancytopenia. Can be caused by radiation, toxins, drugs, viruses, inherited reactions and idiosyncratic reations Myelophthisic anemia is: - ANSWER-a form of anemia caused by extensive replacement of the marrow by tumors (usually from breast, lung or prostate) or other lesions, this leads to the release of early erythroid and granulocytic precursors (leukoerythroblastosis) and the appearance of tear-drop red cells in the peripheral blood Megaloblastic anemia: - ANSWER-Caused by folate or b12 deficiency, results in enlarged abnormal hematopoietic precursors (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow and often pancytopenia, and hypersegmented neutrophils Hematopoeisis starts where? Where does it end in adulthood? - ANSWER-It starts in the yolk sac in the 4th month it migrates to the bone marrow, by adulthoold on the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, pelvis, and proximal regions of humerus and femur retain red marrow If hematopoeisis is needed what happens? - ANSWER-Old areas like di