Respiratory System Pulmonary Ventilation
What is the function of the conduction zone? ✔️✔️- moves air
- filters air
- warms air
- humidifies air
What is the function of the respiratory zone? ✔️✔️- gas exchange
- site of respiration
Which airways have the smallest aggregate airway CSA? ✔️✔️large diameter airways
Which airways have the largest aggregate airway CSA? ✔️✔️small diameter airways
What is pulmonary ventilation? ✔️✔️air moves into lungs when pressure inside lungs is less than
atmospheric pressure, air moves out of lungs when pressure inside lungs is greater than atmospheric
pressure
What is atmospheric pressure? ✔️✔️the pressure exerted by the gases that make up the air that
surrounds the earth
What is Boyle's law? ✔️✔️gas volume and pressure are inversely related
What causes breathing? ✔️✔️change in the pressure gradient
Is inspiration at rest an active or passive process? ✔️✔️active
Is expiration at rest an active or passive process? ✔️✔️passive
, What is the role of intrapleural pressure? ✔️✔️negative intrapleural pressure acts a suction, so the
outer part of the lung lobe tissue is stuck to the back of ribs and connective tissue and diaphragm moves
down, lung tissue goes with it
What is quiet inspiration? ✔️✔️active process that requires muscle action where thorax volume
increases and lungs expand
What muscles are used in quiet inspiration? ✔️✔️diaphragm, external intercostals
What pressure change occurs during quiet inspiration? ✔️✔️alveolar pressure decreases below
atmospheric pressure and air moves into alveoli
What is quiet expiration? ✔️✔️passive process with no muscle action
What are the mechanics of quiet expiration? ✔️✔️elastic recoil and surface tension in alveoli pulls
inward
What pressure change occurs during quiet expiration? ✔️✔️alveolar pressure increases above
atmospheric pressure and air is pushed out
What occurs in someone with COPD? ✔️✔️decreased compliance of lung tissue so they have to do
active expiration, meaning musculature is always working causing them to have pulmonary fatigue,
compromises ability to become more physically active also because muscle are already tired
- gas exchange also compromised
- belly breathing to push air out because abdominal muscles are weak
What occurs during forced expiration? ✔️✔️abdominal muscles force diaphragm up, internal
intercostals depress ribgs
What occurs during forced inspiration? ✔️✔️sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor lift
chest upwards as you gasp for air, increase volume
What is the function of the conduction zone? ✔️✔️- moves air
- filters air
- warms air
- humidifies air
What is the function of the respiratory zone? ✔️✔️- gas exchange
- site of respiration
Which airways have the smallest aggregate airway CSA? ✔️✔️large diameter airways
Which airways have the largest aggregate airway CSA? ✔️✔️small diameter airways
What is pulmonary ventilation? ✔️✔️air moves into lungs when pressure inside lungs is less than
atmospheric pressure, air moves out of lungs when pressure inside lungs is greater than atmospheric
pressure
What is atmospheric pressure? ✔️✔️the pressure exerted by the gases that make up the air that
surrounds the earth
What is Boyle's law? ✔️✔️gas volume and pressure are inversely related
What causes breathing? ✔️✔️change in the pressure gradient
Is inspiration at rest an active or passive process? ✔️✔️active
Is expiration at rest an active or passive process? ✔️✔️passive
, What is the role of intrapleural pressure? ✔️✔️negative intrapleural pressure acts a suction, so the
outer part of the lung lobe tissue is stuck to the back of ribs and connective tissue and diaphragm moves
down, lung tissue goes with it
What is quiet inspiration? ✔️✔️active process that requires muscle action where thorax volume
increases and lungs expand
What muscles are used in quiet inspiration? ✔️✔️diaphragm, external intercostals
What pressure change occurs during quiet inspiration? ✔️✔️alveolar pressure decreases below
atmospheric pressure and air moves into alveoli
What is quiet expiration? ✔️✔️passive process with no muscle action
What are the mechanics of quiet expiration? ✔️✔️elastic recoil and surface tension in alveoli pulls
inward
What pressure change occurs during quiet expiration? ✔️✔️alveolar pressure increases above
atmospheric pressure and air is pushed out
What occurs in someone with COPD? ✔️✔️decreased compliance of lung tissue so they have to do
active expiration, meaning musculature is always working causing them to have pulmonary fatigue,
compromises ability to become more physically active also because muscle are already tired
- gas exchange also compromised
- belly breathing to push air out because abdominal muscles are weak
What occurs during forced expiration? ✔️✔️abdominal muscles force diaphragm up, internal
intercostals depress ribgs
What occurs during forced inspiration? ✔️✔️sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor lift
chest upwards as you gasp for air, increase volume
