NURS 200 Exam Questions With 100%
Complete Solutions Graded A+
leadership - Answer-nurses use specialized knowledge, judgement, skills, and clinical
experience to perform leadership roles
nursing leadership is important in all nursing roles at all levels within an organization
and across all domains of practice: direct practice, education, research and
administration
academy of canadian execute nurses (ACEN) and the american organization of nurse
executives (AONE) believe that nursing leadership is important to the safety and
reliability of health care system
is being able to see the present for what it really is (working with patient), see the future
for what it could be, and then, take action to close the gap.
leadership is not action, not position
/.definition of leadership - Answer-process that involves influencing the thinking and
actions of other with respect to achieving a goal
can occur without formal management role
refers to an individual's ability to affect others, often by inspiring, enlivening, and
engaging to participate
can occur between the leader and another individual; between the leader and a group
or between a leader and an organization, community, society
/.types of leadership - Answer-formal leader: person in position of authority or someone
with sanctioned, assigned role within an organization that connotes influence
informal leader: individual who demonstrates leadership outside scope of a formal
leadership role or as member of group, rather than head or leader of group
/.followers - Answer-valuable followers who are skilled, self directed employees who
participate actively in setting group's direction and who invest time and energy in the
work of the group, thinking critically, and advocating for new ideas
good followers communicate and work well with others, being supportive, yet thoughtful
in their approaches to new ideas
/.differences between leading and managing - Answer-leadership: creating change,
involves establishing a direction, aligning people through empowerment, and motivating
and inspiring them toward producing useful change and achieving the vision
management: controlling complexity in an effort to bring order and consistency, involves
planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, problem solving and controlling
complexity to produce predictability and order
/.leadership characteristics - Answer-Bennis and Nanus (1985) - effective leader share
three fundamental qualities
,vision: vision statements outline what organizations want to be and to focus on, should
be inspirational, should serve as reference point to guide decision making
passion: ability to inspire and align people toward promises of life
integrity: based on knowledge of self, honesty and maturity, which is developed through
experience and growth
/.olympic thinking - Answer-requires nurturing of an inspired vision for the future,
maintaining a burning desire (passion), implementing purposeful action
visualization of a preferred future enhances confidence, boosts motivation, and engages
the individual in a practice or discipline that keeps leader focused on vision
/.characteristics of leaders - Answer-intelligence
self confidence
determination
integrity
sociability
research reports that caring nature, respectability, trustworthiness, and flexibility are
most valued leader characteristics
good leaders are able to retain quality staff
/.values of successful leaders - Answer-visionary and enthusiastic
supportive and knowledgeable
higher standards and expectations
value education and professional development
demonstrate power and status in organization
are visible and responsive
communicate openly
active in professional associations
/.traits of leaders - Answer-drive
desire to lead
honesty and integrity
self confidence
cognitive ability
knowledge of business
emotional intelligence
/.emotional intelligence - Answer-ability to both recognize the meaning of emotions and
their relationships and to reason and solve problems on basis of emotions
consists of five basic social and emotional competencies:
self awareness
self regulation
motivation
empathy
social skills
,/.leadership characeristics - Answer-huston identified eight essential skills for leaders:
global perspective regarding health care and professional nursing issues
technology skills that facilitate mobility and portability of relationships, interactions and
operational processes
expert decision making skills rooted in empirical science
ability to create organization cultures that permeate quality health care and client/worker
safety
understanding and appropriately intervening in political processes
having highly developed collaborative and team building skills
ability to balance authenticity and performance expectations
being able to envision and proactively adapt to a health care system characterized by
rapid change and chaos
/.factors that influence the quality of nursing leadership - Answer-nursing history -
paradigm shift from controlling to empowering
education - leadership competencies could be learned
use of self, organization structure and power, concept of self and ability to transact self
in an effective and authentic manner, access to power, opportunity, information and
resources creates empowered environment
organizational redesign - able to help others, see the need for change, challenges past
practices, create vision for future, and construct new models for service delivery
transformational leaders engage the emotions of their followers through trusting
relationships developed through:
charismatic role modelling
individualized consideration
inspirational motivation
intellectual stimulation
/.leadership theories - Answer-major leadership theories can be classified according to
the following approaches:
behavioural approach
contingency approach - leader effectiveness is contingent upon something other than
leaders behaviour
contemporary approach - charismatic, transformational, servant, leadership functions
necessary to develop learning organizations and lead process of transforming change
/.behavioural approach - Answer-includes leadership styles first described in 1930s:
autocratic leadership: centralized decision making, with the leader making decisions
and using power to command and control others
democratic leadership: participatory, authority is delegated to others, democratic leader
uses expert power based afforded by having close, personal relationships to be
influential
laissez faire: passive and permissive, leader defers decision making
research from university of michigan and ohio state university identified two based
leader behaviours:
, employee centred leadership: more effective and described as having focus on human
needs of subordinates
job centred leadership: less effective for its focus on schedules, cost efficiency, and the
resulting lack of attention to developing work group and high performance goals
ohio state university looked at two dimensions of leader behaviour:
initiating structure: emphasis on work to be done, focuses on task and production,
focuses on initiating structure, concerned with how work is organized and on
achievement of goals
consideration: activities that focus on the employee and emphasize relating and getting
along with people, focus on involvement, focus on creating relationships that foster
communication and trust as basis for respecting other people and potential contributions
/.contingency approaches - Answer-acknowledges that other factors in the environment
influence outcomes as much as leadership style and behaviour
fiedler's contingency theory: views leader behaviour as dependent upon the interaction
of leader's personality and needs of situation, favourable situations toward the leader
involve leader member relationships, degree of task structure, and leader's position
power
leader member relations: feelings and attitudes of followers regarding acceptance, trust
and credibility of the leader
task structure: degree to which work is defined with specific procedures, explicit
directions and goals
position power: degree of formal authority and influence associated with leader
hersey and blanchard's situational theory:
readiness if a factor in determining leadership style
follower readiness, called maturity is assured in order to select one of four leadership
styles for a situation
telling: high task, low relationship behaviour
selling: high task, high relationship
participating: low task, high relationship
delegating: low task, low relationship
path goal theory: leader works to motivate followers and influence goal accomplishment
directive style: provides structure through direction and authority, leader is focused on
task and getting job done
supportive style: relationship oriented, leader provides encouragement, interest and
attention
achievement oriented: provides high structure and direction as well as high support
through consideration behaviour
participant style: involving followers in decision making
substitutes for leadership are variables that may influence or have an effect on followers
to the same extent as leader's behaviour:
experience, ability, training professionalism
structured, routine tasks
feedback provided by the task
intrinsic satisfaction
cohesive group
Complete Solutions Graded A+
leadership - Answer-nurses use specialized knowledge, judgement, skills, and clinical
experience to perform leadership roles
nursing leadership is important in all nursing roles at all levels within an organization
and across all domains of practice: direct practice, education, research and
administration
academy of canadian execute nurses (ACEN) and the american organization of nurse
executives (AONE) believe that nursing leadership is important to the safety and
reliability of health care system
is being able to see the present for what it really is (working with patient), see the future
for what it could be, and then, take action to close the gap.
leadership is not action, not position
/.definition of leadership - Answer-process that involves influencing the thinking and
actions of other with respect to achieving a goal
can occur without formal management role
refers to an individual's ability to affect others, often by inspiring, enlivening, and
engaging to participate
can occur between the leader and another individual; between the leader and a group
or between a leader and an organization, community, society
/.types of leadership - Answer-formal leader: person in position of authority or someone
with sanctioned, assigned role within an organization that connotes influence
informal leader: individual who demonstrates leadership outside scope of a formal
leadership role or as member of group, rather than head or leader of group
/.followers - Answer-valuable followers who are skilled, self directed employees who
participate actively in setting group's direction and who invest time and energy in the
work of the group, thinking critically, and advocating for new ideas
good followers communicate and work well with others, being supportive, yet thoughtful
in their approaches to new ideas
/.differences between leading and managing - Answer-leadership: creating change,
involves establishing a direction, aligning people through empowerment, and motivating
and inspiring them toward producing useful change and achieving the vision
management: controlling complexity in an effort to bring order and consistency, involves
planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, problem solving and controlling
complexity to produce predictability and order
/.leadership characteristics - Answer-Bennis and Nanus (1985) - effective leader share
three fundamental qualities
,vision: vision statements outline what organizations want to be and to focus on, should
be inspirational, should serve as reference point to guide decision making
passion: ability to inspire and align people toward promises of life
integrity: based on knowledge of self, honesty and maturity, which is developed through
experience and growth
/.olympic thinking - Answer-requires nurturing of an inspired vision for the future,
maintaining a burning desire (passion), implementing purposeful action
visualization of a preferred future enhances confidence, boosts motivation, and engages
the individual in a practice or discipline that keeps leader focused on vision
/.characteristics of leaders - Answer-intelligence
self confidence
determination
integrity
sociability
research reports that caring nature, respectability, trustworthiness, and flexibility are
most valued leader characteristics
good leaders are able to retain quality staff
/.values of successful leaders - Answer-visionary and enthusiastic
supportive and knowledgeable
higher standards and expectations
value education and professional development
demonstrate power and status in organization
are visible and responsive
communicate openly
active in professional associations
/.traits of leaders - Answer-drive
desire to lead
honesty and integrity
self confidence
cognitive ability
knowledge of business
emotional intelligence
/.emotional intelligence - Answer-ability to both recognize the meaning of emotions and
their relationships and to reason and solve problems on basis of emotions
consists of five basic social and emotional competencies:
self awareness
self regulation
motivation
empathy
social skills
,/.leadership characeristics - Answer-huston identified eight essential skills for leaders:
global perspective regarding health care and professional nursing issues
technology skills that facilitate mobility and portability of relationships, interactions and
operational processes
expert decision making skills rooted in empirical science
ability to create organization cultures that permeate quality health care and client/worker
safety
understanding and appropriately intervening in political processes
having highly developed collaborative and team building skills
ability to balance authenticity and performance expectations
being able to envision and proactively adapt to a health care system characterized by
rapid change and chaos
/.factors that influence the quality of nursing leadership - Answer-nursing history -
paradigm shift from controlling to empowering
education - leadership competencies could be learned
use of self, organization structure and power, concept of self and ability to transact self
in an effective and authentic manner, access to power, opportunity, information and
resources creates empowered environment
organizational redesign - able to help others, see the need for change, challenges past
practices, create vision for future, and construct new models for service delivery
transformational leaders engage the emotions of their followers through trusting
relationships developed through:
charismatic role modelling
individualized consideration
inspirational motivation
intellectual stimulation
/.leadership theories - Answer-major leadership theories can be classified according to
the following approaches:
behavioural approach
contingency approach - leader effectiveness is contingent upon something other than
leaders behaviour
contemporary approach - charismatic, transformational, servant, leadership functions
necessary to develop learning organizations and lead process of transforming change
/.behavioural approach - Answer-includes leadership styles first described in 1930s:
autocratic leadership: centralized decision making, with the leader making decisions
and using power to command and control others
democratic leadership: participatory, authority is delegated to others, democratic leader
uses expert power based afforded by having close, personal relationships to be
influential
laissez faire: passive and permissive, leader defers decision making
research from university of michigan and ohio state university identified two based
leader behaviours:
, employee centred leadership: more effective and described as having focus on human
needs of subordinates
job centred leadership: less effective for its focus on schedules, cost efficiency, and the
resulting lack of attention to developing work group and high performance goals
ohio state university looked at two dimensions of leader behaviour:
initiating structure: emphasis on work to be done, focuses on task and production,
focuses on initiating structure, concerned with how work is organized and on
achievement of goals
consideration: activities that focus on the employee and emphasize relating and getting
along with people, focus on involvement, focus on creating relationships that foster
communication and trust as basis for respecting other people and potential contributions
/.contingency approaches - Answer-acknowledges that other factors in the environment
influence outcomes as much as leadership style and behaviour
fiedler's contingency theory: views leader behaviour as dependent upon the interaction
of leader's personality and needs of situation, favourable situations toward the leader
involve leader member relationships, degree of task structure, and leader's position
power
leader member relations: feelings and attitudes of followers regarding acceptance, trust
and credibility of the leader
task structure: degree to which work is defined with specific procedures, explicit
directions and goals
position power: degree of formal authority and influence associated with leader
hersey and blanchard's situational theory:
readiness if a factor in determining leadership style
follower readiness, called maturity is assured in order to select one of four leadership
styles for a situation
telling: high task, low relationship behaviour
selling: high task, high relationship
participating: low task, high relationship
delegating: low task, low relationship
path goal theory: leader works to motivate followers and influence goal accomplishment
directive style: provides structure through direction and authority, leader is focused on
task and getting job done
supportive style: relationship oriented, leader provides encouragement, interest and
attention
achievement oriented: provides high structure and direction as well as high support
through consideration behaviour
participant style: involving followers in decision making
substitutes for leadership are variables that may influence or have an effect on followers
to the same extent as leader's behaviour:
experience, ability, training professionalism
structured, routine tasks
feedback provided by the task
intrinsic satisfaction
cohesive group
