NUTR 121 Final Exam with Questions and Answers

NUTR 121 Final Exam with Questions and Answers Describe energy balance and the uses of energy by the body. ANSWER The state in which energy intake, in the form of food and beverages, matches the energy expended, primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity. Negative energy balance is when energy output suprasses energy intake resulting in weight loss. Positive energy is opposite. Energy needs met by food intake (protein, carbs, fat, alcohol). The body uses energy for 3 general purposes: BMR(60-75%), Physical activity(15-35%), Digestion, absorption, processing of ingested nutrients(TEF)(5-10%), and a small amount for adaptive thermogenesis(response to cold). What are the uses of energy by the body? ANSWER The amount of energy a body uses can be measured by both direct and indirect calorimetry or can be estimated based on height, weight, degree of physical activity, and age. Energy use by the body can be measured by heat given off by direct calorimetry or as oxygen used by indirect calorimetry. Evaluate popular weight-reduction diets and determine which are safe and successful. ANSWER The key to weight loss and maintenance can be thought as a triad: 1)control calorie intake, 2) perform regular physical activity, 3) Engage in positive behaviors. Popular diets, also called (FAD) diets, are nutritionally inadequate and include certain foods that people would not eat normally in large amounts. They promote rapid weight loss, present cure alls, recommend expensive supplements, critical of scientific community, and claim no need for physical activity. The best overall diet plans include: medditeranean, DASH, MND, Flexitaranian, and weight watchers. Carb focused diets