NUSA 207 Introduction to Medicines
Exam 1 With Solution
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted
*4 Phases of Pharmacokinetics* - ANSWER 1) Absorption
2) Distribution
3) Metabolism
4) Excretion
Absorption - ANSWER The transmission of medications from the location of
administration to the bloodstream.
*PO* - ANSWER by mouth
Oral (*PO*) - ANSWER by mouth, *medications must pass through the
epithelial layer of the GI tract*, *slow rate of absorption*, unpredictable
absorption rate, enteral
Sublingual (*SL*) - ANSWER Under the tongue, *dissolves directly ingot
blood stream*.
Parenteral.
*Rapid*.
*Protects medications from chemicals in the digestive system*.
Subcutaneous (*subcut or SQ*) - ANSWER medication is injected under the
,layers of the skin into the subcutaneous tissue layer
*no barrier to absorption, perfusion depends on area of injection*
Intramuscular (*IM*) - ANSWER medication is injection into a muscle
*no barriers to absorption, perfusion depends on area of injection*
Intravenous (*IV*) - ANSWER *Immediate absorption* pattern as medications
enter the blood directly
-*No barriers to absorption*
*Distribution* - ANSWER the transportation of meds by body fluids to areas
of action in the body. Influenced by: *circulation* and *cell membrane
permeability*
*Metabolism* - ANSWER set of chemical reactions through which an
organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life
processes; primarily occurs in the liver
First-pass effect - ANSWER As some medications pass through the *liver*
they can become *inactivated*. Due to this these medications require a
different route (*SL, IV*) due to their high first pass effect.
Nutritional Status - ANSWER Clients who are malnourished may lack the
enzymes to metabolize certaIn medications
Influence of Age on the metabolism: - ANSWER Typically older adults require
smaller amounts of meds
*Excretion* - ANSWER the *elimination* of medications from the body done
*primarily through the kidneys*
(also liver, lungs, intestines, exocrine glands)
, *Routes of Administration* - ANSWER transdermal, oral, drops, topical
ointment, sprays, G tube, epidural, inhalation, parenteral, intravenous
*Transdermal* - ANSWER a method of administering medication through the
unbroken skin via patch
Eye drops - ANSWER tilt head back and look up; *pull lid down
drops to center of lower conjunctival sac*
don't squeeze eye
blink between drops
press inner canthus near nose bridge for 1-2 min. to prevent systemic
absorption
Ear drops - ANSWER position affected ear uppermost
lie on unaffected ear for absorption
*pull outer ear upward & back (adult)*
pull outer ear down & out (child)
Nose spray - ANSWER *Blow nose prior* to administering medication
After administration of meds, instruct client to breath through their mouth
and not blow their nose for about 5 mns
*NG* or *G tubes* - ANSWER Nasogastric tube
Nasogastric tube (NG or G tube) - ANSWER Make sure tube is placed
correctly
Use syringe to administer; can use gravity or plunge method
Exam 1 With Solution
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted
*4 Phases of Pharmacokinetics* - ANSWER 1) Absorption
2) Distribution
3) Metabolism
4) Excretion
Absorption - ANSWER The transmission of medications from the location of
administration to the bloodstream.
*PO* - ANSWER by mouth
Oral (*PO*) - ANSWER by mouth, *medications must pass through the
epithelial layer of the GI tract*, *slow rate of absorption*, unpredictable
absorption rate, enteral
Sublingual (*SL*) - ANSWER Under the tongue, *dissolves directly ingot
blood stream*.
Parenteral.
*Rapid*.
*Protects medications from chemicals in the digestive system*.
Subcutaneous (*subcut or SQ*) - ANSWER medication is injected under the
,layers of the skin into the subcutaneous tissue layer
*no barrier to absorption, perfusion depends on area of injection*
Intramuscular (*IM*) - ANSWER medication is injection into a muscle
*no barriers to absorption, perfusion depends on area of injection*
Intravenous (*IV*) - ANSWER *Immediate absorption* pattern as medications
enter the blood directly
-*No barriers to absorption*
*Distribution* - ANSWER the transportation of meds by body fluids to areas
of action in the body. Influenced by: *circulation* and *cell membrane
permeability*
*Metabolism* - ANSWER set of chemical reactions through which an
organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life
processes; primarily occurs in the liver
First-pass effect - ANSWER As some medications pass through the *liver*
they can become *inactivated*. Due to this these medications require a
different route (*SL, IV*) due to their high first pass effect.
Nutritional Status - ANSWER Clients who are malnourished may lack the
enzymes to metabolize certaIn medications
Influence of Age on the metabolism: - ANSWER Typically older adults require
smaller amounts of meds
*Excretion* - ANSWER the *elimination* of medications from the body done
*primarily through the kidneys*
(also liver, lungs, intestines, exocrine glands)
, *Routes of Administration* - ANSWER transdermal, oral, drops, topical
ointment, sprays, G tube, epidural, inhalation, parenteral, intravenous
*Transdermal* - ANSWER a method of administering medication through the
unbroken skin via patch
Eye drops - ANSWER tilt head back and look up; *pull lid down
drops to center of lower conjunctival sac*
don't squeeze eye
blink between drops
press inner canthus near nose bridge for 1-2 min. to prevent systemic
absorption
Ear drops - ANSWER position affected ear uppermost
lie on unaffected ear for absorption
*pull outer ear upward & back (adult)*
pull outer ear down & out (child)
Nose spray - ANSWER *Blow nose prior* to administering medication
After administration of meds, instruct client to breath through their mouth
and not blow their nose for about 5 mns
*NG* or *G tubes* - ANSWER Nasogastric tube
Nasogastric tube (NG or G tube) - ANSWER Make sure tube is placed
correctly
Use syringe to administer; can use gravity or plunge method
