NUR 303 UMaine Exam 2 With
Solution
Neutrophil - ANSWER WBC granulocyte consume bacteria by phagocytosis.
First ones to arrive at the infection sites. Normal 2,000-7,000 cells/mL
eosinophil - ANSWER WBC granulocyte phagocytizes antigen-antibody
complex; attacks parasites
basophil - ANSWER WBC granulocyte- releases histamine during
inflammation
monocyte - ANSWER WBC agranulocyte- phagocytizes bacteria, dead cells
and cellular debris
lymphocyte - ANSWER WBC in immune protection via attacking cells or
making antibodies
platelets - ANSWER fragments of megakaryocutes. clotting
Lymphoid stem cells => lymphoblasts => - ANSWER B lymphocytes
(antibody production) and T lymphocytes (cell mediated)
myeloid stem cells => erythroblasts => - ANSWER erythrocytes
myeloid stem cells => megakaryoblasts => - ANSWER platelets
myeloid stem cells => myeloblasts => - ANSWER basophils, eosinophils,
neutrophils
myeloid stem cells => monoblasts => - ANSWER monocytes
,leukopenia - ANSWER decreased WBCs <4,000/uL. NEVER normal. (causes
immunodeficiency, caused by shock, radiation, autoimmune)
leukocytosis - ANSWER increased WBCs >11,000uL. normal protective
respone to stressors (infection, surgery, etc)
neutrophilia (granulocytosis) - ANSWER neutrophils most numerous
granulocyte. Occurs in first stage of infection/inflammation. If need> supply,
immature neutrophils released into blood (shift to the left)
neutropenia - ANSWER < 1,500 cells/mL. incr usage (chronic infection, HIV),
drug suppression, autoimmune, cancers, vitamin deficiencies
eosinophilia - ANSWER caused by allergy/parasitic infection, leukemia
Basophilic leukocytosis- ANSWER due to hypersensitivity, infection,
inflammatory response
Basopenia- ANSWER malignancy
Monocytic leukocytosis- ANSWER leukemia/bacterial infection, tb
Monocytopenia- ANSWER malignancy
Lymphocytosis- ANSWER infection, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Lymphocytopenia- ANSWER acquired or inherited immunodeficiency
Myelodysplastic syndrome- ANSWER Stem cell disorders involving ineffective
hematopoeisis.
Risk of transformation to Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
hematologic neoplasms - ANSWER in blood its leukemia w/ immature cells
(blasts)
,in lymph nodes its lymphoma w/ proliferation of B and T lymphocutes
leukemia - ANSWER immature blasts crowd/suppress development of
healthy WBC, RBC and platelets in bone marrow => anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, bone pain
leukemias - ANSWER clonal malignant disorder of blood and blood forming
organs. classification depends on 1-cell of origin (myeloid or lymphoid).
2-chronic or acute. causes pancytopenia
acute lymphocytic leukemia ALL - ANSWER affects mostly children. B and T
cells are immature, crowd out healthy ones. bone marrow replaced w/ blast
cells. good prognosis for children
Acute myelogenous leukemia AML - ANSWER primarily affects adults. The
proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid cells Normal cells reduced: WBCs,
RBCs, platelets. Blasts INFLTRATE tissues, spleen, liver.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL - ANSWER primarily affects adults. Most
COMMON leukemia in US. Crowding due to immature B cell proliferation,
and low Ig levels
Chronic myelogenous leukemia CML - ANSWER Age 50+ primarily. BCR-ABL
oncogene. Over proliferation of mature myeloid cells. Inc WBC levels
, chronic v acute - ANSWER chronic- involves mature cells
acute- involves immature cells
lymphadenopathy - ANSWER enlarged lymph nodes. local (near node).
general (malignant or nonmalignant disease)
lymphoma - ANSWER cancer of lymphatic system. most common
hematologic cancer in US. disease is recurrent.
hodgkin's lymphoma - ANSWER MALIGNANCY of B lymphocytes. most
common lymphoma in young adults+ kids. SOLID TUMORS w/
REED-STERNBURG cells. painless, enlarged nodes, fever, etc
non hodgkin's lymphoma - ANS abnorm B or T cells. 20+ subtypes. rarely
localized. associated with viral/bacterial/environmental/immunodeficiency.
stages of lymphoma - ANS 1- cells in one node or one pt of tissue/organ
2- cells in at least 2 nodes on same side of diaphragm
3- cells in nodes above and below diaphragm/ also may be in spleen
4- found in several pts of 1+ organs/tissues + distant nodes/organs
Solution
Neutrophil - ANSWER WBC granulocyte consume bacteria by phagocytosis.
First ones to arrive at the infection sites. Normal 2,000-7,000 cells/mL
eosinophil - ANSWER WBC granulocyte phagocytizes antigen-antibody
complex; attacks parasites
basophil - ANSWER WBC granulocyte- releases histamine during
inflammation
monocyte - ANSWER WBC agranulocyte- phagocytizes bacteria, dead cells
and cellular debris
lymphocyte - ANSWER WBC in immune protection via attacking cells or
making antibodies
platelets - ANSWER fragments of megakaryocutes. clotting
Lymphoid stem cells => lymphoblasts => - ANSWER B lymphocytes
(antibody production) and T lymphocytes (cell mediated)
myeloid stem cells => erythroblasts => - ANSWER erythrocytes
myeloid stem cells => megakaryoblasts => - ANSWER platelets
myeloid stem cells => myeloblasts => - ANSWER basophils, eosinophils,
neutrophils
myeloid stem cells => monoblasts => - ANSWER monocytes
,leukopenia - ANSWER decreased WBCs <4,000/uL. NEVER normal. (causes
immunodeficiency, caused by shock, radiation, autoimmune)
leukocytosis - ANSWER increased WBCs >11,000uL. normal protective
respone to stressors (infection, surgery, etc)
neutrophilia (granulocytosis) - ANSWER neutrophils most numerous
granulocyte. Occurs in first stage of infection/inflammation. If need> supply,
immature neutrophils released into blood (shift to the left)
neutropenia - ANSWER < 1,500 cells/mL. incr usage (chronic infection, HIV),
drug suppression, autoimmune, cancers, vitamin deficiencies
eosinophilia - ANSWER caused by allergy/parasitic infection, leukemia
Basophilic leukocytosis- ANSWER due to hypersensitivity, infection,
inflammatory response
Basopenia- ANSWER malignancy
Monocytic leukocytosis- ANSWER leukemia/bacterial infection, tb
Monocytopenia- ANSWER malignancy
Lymphocytosis- ANSWER infection, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Lymphocytopenia- ANSWER acquired or inherited immunodeficiency
Myelodysplastic syndrome- ANSWER Stem cell disorders involving ineffective
hematopoeisis.
Risk of transformation to Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
hematologic neoplasms - ANSWER in blood its leukemia w/ immature cells
(blasts)
,in lymph nodes its lymphoma w/ proliferation of B and T lymphocutes
leukemia - ANSWER immature blasts crowd/suppress development of
healthy WBC, RBC and platelets in bone marrow => anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, bone pain
leukemias - ANSWER clonal malignant disorder of blood and blood forming
organs. classification depends on 1-cell of origin (myeloid or lymphoid).
2-chronic or acute. causes pancytopenia
acute lymphocytic leukemia ALL - ANSWER affects mostly children. B and T
cells are immature, crowd out healthy ones. bone marrow replaced w/ blast
cells. good prognosis for children
Acute myelogenous leukemia AML - ANSWER primarily affects adults. The
proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid cells Normal cells reduced: WBCs,
RBCs, platelets. Blasts INFLTRATE tissues, spleen, liver.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL - ANSWER primarily affects adults. Most
COMMON leukemia in US. Crowding due to immature B cell proliferation,
and low Ig levels
Chronic myelogenous leukemia CML - ANSWER Age 50+ primarily. BCR-ABL
oncogene. Over proliferation of mature myeloid cells. Inc WBC levels
, chronic v acute - ANSWER chronic- involves mature cells
acute- involves immature cells
lymphadenopathy - ANSWER enlarged lymph nodes. local (near node).
general (malignant or nonmalignant disease)
lymphoma - ANSWER cancer of lymphatic system. most common
hematologic cancer in US. disease is recurrent.
hodgkin's lymphoma - ANSWER MALIGNANCY of B lymphocytes. most
common lymphoma in young adults+ kids. SOLID TUMORS w/
REED-STERNBURG cells. painless, enlarged nodes, fever, etc
non hodgkin's lymphoma - ANS abnorm B or T cells. 20+ subtypes. rarely
localized. associated with viral/bacterial/environmental/immunodeficiency.
stages of lymphoma - ANS 1- cells in one node or one pt of tissue/organ
2- cells in at least 2 nodes on same side of diaphragm
3- cells in nodes above and below diaphragm/ also may be in spleen
4- found in several pts of 1+ organs/tissues + distant nodes/organs
