NUR 303 Exam 3 Study Guide With
Complete Solution
Acromegaly - ANS increase in bone size caused by excessive growth hormone
in adulthood
myxedema coma - ANS - rare and life-threatening advanced hyperthyroidism
- medical emergency
- manifestations include marked hypotension, respiratory depression,
hypothermia, lethargy, and coma
thyroid crisis - ANS - also called thyrotoxicosis
- a sudden worsening of hyperthyroidism, respiratory depression,
hypothermia, lethargy, and coma
- fever, decreased mental alertness, abdominal pain, dysrhythmias,
nausea/vomiting, and secondary dehydration
- medical emergency
osmosis - ANSWER movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
diffusion - ANSWER the movement of particles/solutes from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
,hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER pushes water
osmotic forces - ANSWER pulls water; pressure needed to prevent migration
of solvent (H2O)
tonicity - ANSWER osmotic pressure of two solutions separated by a
semi-permeable membrane; decreases the concentration of particles in the
solutions
isotonic - ANSWER equal solute concentrations, causes no fluid shifts
hypotonic - ANSWER lower solute concentrations, causing fluids to shift from
intravascular to intracellular space
hypertonic - ANSWER higher solute concentrations, causing fluids to shift
out of cell to intravascular space
oncotic pressure - ANSWER the component of osmotic pressure that is due
to colloids (largely albumin); This can be called colloid osmotic pressure
active transport - ANSWER movement of a substance against a concentration
gradient; energy is required
,normal sodium (Na+) levels - ANSWER 135-145 mEq/L
normal chloride (Cl-) levels - ANSWER 98-108 mEq/L
Potassium (K+) - ANSWER 3.5-5 mEq/L
Calcium (Ca++) - ANSWER 4-5 mEq/L
Phosphorous (P) - ANSWER 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium (Mg++) - ANSWER 1.8-2.4 mEq/L
Sodium function - ANSWER - most significant cation and prevalent
electorlyte of extracellular fluid
- regulates serum osmolarity and water balance
- plays a role in acid-base balance
- facilitates muscles and nerve impulses
- dietary intake main source
- excreted through the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract
- levels are achieved through the kidneys
, Chloride function - ANSWER - mineral electrolyte
- major extracellular ion
- found in gastric secretions, pancreatic juices, bile, and cerebrospinal fluid
- plays a role in acid-base balance
- dietary intake main source
- excreted through the kidneys
Potassium function - ANSWER - primary intracellular cation
- plays a role in electrical conduction, acid-base balance (pH), and
metabolism
- dietary intake main source
- excreted through the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract
Calcium function - ANSWER - mostly found in the bone and teeth
- plays a role in blood clotting, hormone secretion, receptor functions, nerve
transmission, and muscular contraction
- regulated by the parathyroid gland
- *has inverse relationship with phosphorous (phosphate)*
- *has synergistic relationship with magnesium*
Complete Solution
Acromegaly - ANS increase in bone size caused by excessive growth hormone
in adulthood
myxedema coma - ANS - rare and life-threatening advanced hyperthyroidism
- medical emergency
- manifestations include marked hypotension, respiratory depression,
hypothermia, lethargy, and coma
thyroid crisis - ANS - also called thyrotoxicosis
- a sudden worsening of hyperthyroidism, respiratory depression,
hypothermia, lethargy, and coma
- fever, decreased mental alertness, abdominal pain, dysrhythmias,
nausea/vomiting, and secondary dehydration
- medical emergency
osmosis - ANSWER movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
diffusion - ANSWER the movement of particles/solutes from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
,hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER pushes water
osmotic forces - ANSWER pulls water; pressure needed to prevent migration
of solvent (H2O)
tonicity - ANSWER osmotic pressure of two solutions separated by a
semi-permeable membrane; decreases the concentration of particles in the
solutions
isotonic - ANSWER equal solute concentrations, causes no fluid shifts
hypotonic - ANSWER lower solute concentrations, causing fluids to shift from
intravascular to intracellular space
hypertonic - ANSWER higher solute concentrations, causing fluids to shift
out of cell to intravascular space
oncotic pressure - ANSWER the component of osmotic pressure that is due
to colloids (largely albumin); This can be called colloid osmotic pressure
active transport - ANSWER movement of a substance against a concentration
gradient; energy is required
,normal sodium (Na+) levels - ANSWER 135-145 mEq/L
normal chloride (Cl-) levels - ANSWER 98-108 mEq/L
Potassium (K+) - ANSWER 3.5-5 mEq/L
Calcium (Ca++) - ANSWER 4-5 mEq/L
Phosphorous (P) - ANSWER 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium (Mg++) - ANSWER 1.8-2.4 mEq/L
Sodium function - ANSWER - most significant cation and prevalent
electorlyte of extracellular fluid
- regulates serum osmolarity and water balance
- plays a role in acid-base balance
- facilitates muscles and nerve impulses
- dietary intake main source
- excreted through the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract
- levels are achieved through the kidneys
, Chloride function - ANSWER - mineral electrolyte
- major extracellular ion
- found in gastric secretions, pancreatic juices, bile, and cerebrospinal fluid
- plays a role in acid-base balance
- dietary intake main source
- excreted through the kidneys
Potassium function - ANSWER - primary intracellular cation
- plays a role in electrical conduction, acid-base balance (pH), and
metabolism
- dietary intake main source
- excreted through the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract
Calcium function - ANSWER - mostly found in the bone and teeth
- plays a role in blood clotting, hormone secretion, receptor functions, nerve
transmission, and muscular contraction
- regulated by the parathyroid gland
- *has inverse relationship with phosphorous (phosphate)*
- *has synergistic relationship with magnesium*
