PY 101 TEST 2
CHAPTER 6 - correct answer ✔
Learning - correct answer ✔A change in behavior, resulting from experience.
3 Types of Learning - correct answer ✔Non associative, Associative,
Observational (Watching others)
Non-Associative Learning - correct answer ✔Habituation and Sensitization
Habituation - correct answer ✔Behavioral response to a stimulus decreases.
Usually because stimulus is neither harmful nor rewarding.
Ex. Scarecrows, work towards the beginning, but if nothing changes, crows
will come back
Sensitazation - correct answer ✔Behavioral response to a stimulus
increases.
Usually because stimulus is either harmful or rewarding.
Ex. Dinner bell in some 1960's house. Learning to come when ringing
because of a reward of food.
Associative Learning - correct answer ✔Classical Conditioning and Operant
Conditioning
Classical Conditioning - correct answer ✔Learn that a stimulus predicts
another stimulus.
Ex- Pavlov's dogs
,Operant Conditioning - correct answer ✔Learn that behavior leads to certain
outcomes.
Ex- Rats learning to pull a lever to release food.
Observational Learning - correct answer ✔The acquisition or modification of
behavior after exposure to at least one performance of that behavior. (We
learn to change behavior after watching a person do that behavior.)
Modeling - correct answer ✔Displaying behavior that imitates an observed
behavior.
Vicarious Conditioning - correct answer ✔Learning a behavior after seeing
others being punished or rewarded for that action.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - correct answer ✔A stimulus that elicits a
response, such as a reflex, without any prior learning. (Stimulus not learned)
Unconditioned Response (UR) - correct answer ✔A response that does not
have to be learned, such as a reflex. (Response not learned)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - correct answer ✔A stimulus that elicits a
response only after learning has taken place. (Stimulus that is learned)
Conditioned Response (CR) - correct answer ✔A response to a conditioned
stimulus; a response that has been learned. (Response that is learned)
Acqisition - correct answer ✔The gradual formation of an association
between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
, Extinction - correct answer ✔When the response is weakened when the
conditioned stimuli is repeated without the unconditioned stimuli.
Spontanueous recovery - correct answer ✔When Previous response that
was gone reemerges after the conditioned stimulus appears again.
Stimulus Generalization - correct answer ✔When a stimuli that is similar
occurs and it produces the conditioned response.
Stimulus Discrimination - correct answer ✔Learning to differentiate between
two similar stimuli when only one of them is associated with the unconditioned
stimulus.
The Little Albert Experiment - correct answer ✔A study in which a white rat
was paired with a loud sudden noise in order to condition a fear response in
an infant.
Skinner Box - correct answer ✔Named for its developer, B.F. Skinner, a box
that contains a responding mechanism and a device capable of delivering a
consequence to an animal in the box whenever it makes the desired
response.
Shaping - correct answer ✔The operant conditioning technique of shaping
consists of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired
behavior. Shaping can be used to train animals to perform unusual behaviors.
Positive Reinforcement - correct answer ✔Increasing behaviors by
presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus
that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
CHAPTER 6 - correct answer ✔
Learning - correct answer ✔A change in behavior, resulting from experience.
3 Types of Learning - correct answer ✔Non associative, Associative,
Observational (Watching others)
Non-Associative Learning - correct answer ✔Habituation and Sensitization
Habituation - correct answer ✔Behavioral response to a stimulus decreases.
Usually because stimulus is neither harmful nor rewarding.
Ex. Scarecrows, work towards the beginning, but if nothing changes, crows
will come back
Sensitazation - correct answer ✔Behavioral response to a stimulus
increases.
Usually because stimulus is either harmful or rewarding.
Ex. Dinner bell in some 1960's house. Learning to come when ringing
because of a reward of food.
Associative Learning - correct answer ✔Classical Conditioning and Operant
Conditioning
Classical Conditioning - correct answer ✔Learn that a stimulus predicts
another stimulus.
Ex- Pavlov's dogs
,Operant Conditioning - correct answer ✔Learn that behavior leads to certain
outcomes.
Ex- Rats learning to pull a lever to release food.
Observational Learning - correct answer ✔The acquisition or modification of
behavior after exposure to at least one performance of that behavior. (We
learn to change behavior after watching a person do that behavior.)
Modeling - correct answer ✔Displaying behavior that imitates an observed
behavior.
Vicarious Conditioning - correct answer ✔Learning a behavior after seeing
others being punished or rewarded for that action.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - correct answer ✔A stimulus that elicits a
response, such as a reflex, without any prior learning. (Stimulus not learned)
Unconditioned Response (UR) - correct answer ✔A response that does not
have to be learned, such as a reflex. (Response not learned)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - correct answer ✔A stimulus that elicits a
response only after learning has taken place. (Stimulus that is learned)
Conditioned Response (CR) - correct answer ✔A response to a conditioned
stimulus; a response that has been learned. (Response that is learned)
Acqisition - correct answer ✔The gradual formation of an association
between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
, Extinction - correct answer ✔When the response is weakened when the
conditioned stimuli is repeated without the unconditioned stimuli.
Spontanueous recovery - correct answer ✔When Previous response that
was gone reemerges after the conditioned stimulus appears again.
Stimulus Generalization - correct answer ✔When a stimuli that is similar
occurs and it produces the conditioned response.
Stimulus Discrimination - correct answer ✔Learning to differentiate between
two similar stimuli when only one of them is associated with the unconditioned
stimulus.
The Little Albert Experiment - correct answer ✔A study in which a white rat
was paired with a loud sudden noise in order to condition a fear response in
an infant.
Skinner Box - correct answer ✔Named for its developer, B.F. Skinner, a box
that contains a responding mechanism and a device capable of delivering a
consequence to an animal in the box whenever it makes the desired
response.
Shaping - correct answer ✔The operant conditioning technique of shaping
consists of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired
behavior. Shaping can be used to train animals to perform unusual behaviors.
Positive Reinforcement - correct answer ✔Increasing behaviors by
presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus
that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
