[LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 1
Unit Objectives:
• Describe homeostasis and homeostatic control mechanisms
• Describe the structural organization of the body
• Describe specific chemistry concepts of the body, cell structure and membrane transport
• Describe the structure and function of the integumentary system and body membranes
Relevant Unit 1 Topics in Textbook:
Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life
Chapter 3 Cells
Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism
Chapter 5 Tissues
Chapter 6 Integumentary System
Lecture Exam Review Questions: Lecture 6
Integumentary System
1. List the major functions of the integumentary system (i.e. skin).
- Provides protective barrier
- Keeping the bad stuff out and good stuff in
- Prevents infection most of the time
- Sensory information gained through skin
- Temperature regulation
- Helps make Vitamin D
2. Describe the 3 layers of the skin, including the epidermis (all 5 layers), dermis (2 layers) and
hypodermis.
1. Epidermis – Top layer of the skin (describe the layers found in the epidermis)
a. Stratum corneum – outermost layer of dead epithelial cells
b. S. Lucidum – apoptosis cells
c. S. Granulosum – mature cells
1
, [LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 1
d. S. Spinosum – new cells
e. S. Basale – stem cells
2. Dermis – Middle layer of the skin (describe the layers of the dermis)
a. Papillary layer – thin top layer of dermis connective tissue and blood vessels
providing nutrients
b. Reticular layer – thick bottom layer of dermis connective tissue and blood
vessels providing support and structure
3. Hypodermis – Bottom layer of the skin…function?
Connects the skin to underlying tissue/ muscle, energy storage, cushion, insulation
3. Provide the location and function of the major cell types found in the layers of the skin, listed
below:
• Melanocytes – found in stratum basal provides melanin for protection against uv
rays
• Keratinocytes – found in stratum corneum creates keratin to provide tight barrier
keeping good stuff in and bad stuff out
• Epidermal stem cells – found in stratum basal provides new epithelial cells
• Fibroblasts – found in dermis produces connective tissue
• Tactile cells (nervous system cells) – found in stratum basal provides sensory though
skin
• Dendritic cells (immune cell) – found in basal provides antibacterial
4. What is the function of keratin?
Cytoskeletal proteins inside epithelial cells providing support and strength
2
Unit Objectives:
• Describe homeostasis and homeostatic control mechanisms
• Describe the structural organization of the body
• Describe specific chemistry concepts of the body, cell structure and membrane transport
• Describe the structure and function of the integumentary system and body membranes
Relevant Unit 1 Topics in Textbook:
Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life
Chapter 3 Cells
Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism
Chapter 5 Tissues
Chapter 6 Integumentary System
Lecture Exam Review Questions: Lecture 6
Integumentary System
1. List the major functions of the integumentary system (i.e. skin).
- Provides protective barrier
- Keeping the bad stuff out and good stuff in
- Prevents infection most of the time
- Sensory information gained through skin
- Temperature regulation
- Helps make Vitamin D
2. Describe the 3 layers of the skin, including the epidermis (all 5 layers), dermis (2 layers) and
hypodermis.
1. Epidermis – Top layer of the skin (describe the layers found in the epidermis)
a. Stratum corneum – outermost layer of dead epithelial cells
b. S. Lucidum – apoptosis cells
c. S. Granulosum – mature cells
1
, [LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 1
d. S. Spinosum – new cells
e. S. Basale – stem cells
2. Dermis – Middle layer of the skin (describe the layers of the dermis)
a. Papillary layer – thin top layer of dermis connective tissue and blood vessels
providing nutrients
b. Reticular layer – thick bottom layer of dermis connective tissue and blood
vessels providing support and structure
3. Hypodermis – Bottom layer of the skin…function?
Connects the skin to underlying tissue/ muscle, energy storage, cushion, insulation
3. Provide the location and function of the major cell types found in the layers of the skin, listed
below:
• Melanocytes – found in stratum basal provides melanin for protection against uv
rays
• Keratinocytes – found in stratum corneum creates keratin to provide tight barrier
keeping good stuff in and bad stuff out
• Epidermal stem cells – found in stratum basal provides new epithelial cells
• Fibroblasts – found in dermis produces connective tissue
• Tactile cells (nervous system cells) – found in stratum basal provides sensory though
skin
• Dendritic cells (immune cell) – found in basal provides antibacterial
4. What is the function of keratin?
Cytoskeletal proteins inside epithelial cells providing support and strength
2
