ALCOHOL AND FOOD SAFETY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What is alcohol? - ANSWER a. Alcoholic drinks contain ethanol.
b. Ethanol is produced through the fermentation of yeast and natural sugars
found in grains and fruits.
i. Yeast converts sugar into CO2 and ethanol.
ii. Grapes give sugar for winemaking.
iii. Grain contributes sugar to beer production.
c. Distillation is the method used to make liquor.
i. Heating an alcoholic beverage causes ethanol to evaporate.
ii. The vapor is collected, cooled, and then condensed into a concentrated liquid.
Alcohol contains _____ calories per gram - ANSWER 7.
What exactly is the concept of moderate drinking? - ANSWER Moderate
alcohol consumption is defined as one drink per day for women and up to two
drinks per day for men.
Understand the definition of a standard drink in wine, beer, and liquor. -
ANSWER: A 12-ounce beer, a 1.5-ounce shot of liquor, or a 5-ounce glass of
wine.
What are the health benefits of consuming alcohol? - ANSWER a. Red wine
and black beer include flavonoids, polyphenols, and antioxidants that can help
lower the accumulation of LDL (bad) cholesterol in the arteries.
b. Protective benefits are limited to women over 55 years and males over 45
years.
What are the health risks? - ANSWER c. Alcohol consumption may increase
the risk of breast, liver, head and neck, and colon cancer.
d. Alcohol reduces bone-strengthening hormones, increasing the risk of
osteoporosis.
e. Alcohol can interfere with reproductive hormones, perhaps leading to male
and female sexual dysfunction.
, f. Excess alcohol drinking is linked to increased fat and weight around the
stomach.
g. Regular drinking can alter how the body absorbs protein, zinc, magnesium,
and many vitamins, perhaps contributing to malnutrition.
List the body systems impacted by alcohol usage. - ANSWER h. Inhibits the
esophageal capacity to contract.
i. Chronic inflammation can cause esophageal cancer.
ii. Smokers are at even greater risk.
i. Heavy drinkers have a higher risk of gastritis and stomach ulcers.
j. Can disrupt heartbeat and rhythm, damage cardiac tissue, and raise the risk of
hypertension.
The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase metabolizes some alcohol in the stomach.
b. Some alcohol is absorbed from the stomach. Food in the stomach decreases
alcohol absorption. The majority of alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine.
d. Alcohol is primarily processed in the liver. e. Alcohol that has not been
digested returns to the bloodstream and circulates throughout the body,
including the brain.
How much alcohol can the body digest per hour? - ANSWER On average, ½ oz
(1 standard drink) are metabolized per hour.
What is the progression of liver damage? - ANSWER: a. Stage 1: Fatty liver b.
Stage 2: Alcoholic hepatitis c. Stage three: cirrhosis.
Stage one: fatty liver - ANSWER i. Can occur after a few days of frequent
drinking. ii. The liver prioritizes alcohol metabolism above fat and other
nutrients. iii. Alcohol metabolism produces byproducts that lead to fatty liver
accumulation (iv). Can reverse itself if alcohol usage is discontinued.
Stage 2: Alcoholic hepatitis - Answer i. The liver is inflamed by toxic
byproducts of alcohol metabolism.
ii. Leads to nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundice, and loss of appetite.
Stage 3: cirrhosis - answer i. Liver cells die, and scar tissue develops.
ii. Unable to execute important metabolic functions such as filtering poisons and
waste materials from the blood.
AND ANSWERS
What is alcohol? - ANSWER a. Alcoholic drinks contain ethanol.
b. Ethanol is produced through the fermentation of yeast and natural sugars
found in grains and fruits.
i. Yeast converts sugar into CO2 and ethanol.
ii. Grapes give sugar for winemaking.
iii. Grain contributes sugar to beer production.
c. Distillation is the method used to make liquor.
i. Heating an alcoholic beverage causes ethanol to evaporate.
ii. The vapor is collected, cooled, and then condensed into a concentrated liquid.
Alcohol contains _____ calories per gram - ANSWER 7.
What exactly is the concept of moderate drinking? - ANSWER Moderate
alcohol consumption is defined as one drink per day for women and up to two
drinks per day for men.
Understand the definition of a standard drink in wine, beer, and liquor. -
ANSWER: A 12-ounce beer, a 1.5-ounce shot of liquor, or a 5-ounce glass of
wine.
What are the health benefits of consuming alcohol? - ANSWER a. Red wine
and black beer include flavonoids, polyphenols, and antioxidants that can help
lower the accumulation of LDL (bad) cholesterol in the arteries.
b. Protective benefits are limited to women over 55 years and males over 45
years.
What are the health risks? - ANSWER c. Alcohol consumption may increase
the risk of breast, liver, head and neck, and colon cancer.
d. Alcohol reduces bone-strengthening hormones, increasing the risk of
osteoporosis.
e. Alcohol can interfere with reproductive hormones, perhaps leading to male
and female sexual dysfunction.
, f. Excess alcohol drinking is linked to increased fat and weight around the
stomach.
g. Regular drinking can alter how the body absorbs protein, zinc, magnesium,
and many vitamins, perhaps contributing to malnutrition.
List the body systems impacted by alcohol usage. - ANSWER h. Inhibits the
esophageal capacity to contract.
i. Chronic inflammation can cause esophageal cancer.
ii. Smokers are at even greater risk.
i. Heavy drinkers have a higher risk of gastritis and stomach ulcers.
j. Can disrupt heartbeat and rhythm, damage cardiac tissue, and raise the risk of
hypertension.
The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase metabolizes some alcohol in the stomach.
b. Some alcohol is absorbed from the stomach. Food in the stomach decreases
alcohol absorption. The majority of alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine.
d. Alcohol is primarily processed in the liver. e. Alcohol that has not been
digested returns to the bloodstream and circulates throughout the body,
including the brain.
How much alcohol can the body digest per hour? - ANSWER On average, ½ oz
(1 standard drink) are metabolized per hour.
What is the progression of liver damage? - ANSWER: a. Stage 1: Fatty liver b.
Stage 2: Alcoholic hepatitis c. Stage three: cirrhosis.
Stage one: fatty liver - ANSWER i. Can occur after a few days of frequent
drinking. ii. The liver prioritizes alcohol metabolism above fat and other
nutrients. iii. Alcohol metabolism produces byproducts that lead to fatty liver
accumulation (iv). Can reverse itself if alcohol usage is discontinued.
Stage 2: Alcoholic hepatitis - Answer i. The liver is inflamed by toxic
byproducts of alcohol metabolism.
ii. Leads to nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundice, and loss of appetite.
Stage 3: cirrhosis - answer i. Liver cells die, and scar tissue develops.
ii. Unable to execute important metabolic functions such as filtering poisons and
waste materials from the blood.
