Oceanography-100 SDSU Final Exam Study
Guide (Sacrementa-Grilo)/77 Q/A
Biological Productivity - -the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem;
western margins of continents have high prosuctivity and the Artic has the
most because of high levels of upwelling and downwelling bc there is no
thermocline
- Photosynthesis formula - -6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
- Photosynthesis - -Inputs: Carbon Dioxide, water, sunlightOutputs: Glucose,
oxygen
- Euphotic Zone - -Upper layer of a body of water through which sunlight
can penetrate and support photosynthesis.
- Plants - -Domain: Eukaryote
Kingdom: Plant
- Protists - -Domain: Eukaryote
Kingdom: Protista
A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or
fungus. (ALGAE)
- Protists: Large Algae - -brown seaweed and kelp
red and green algae
- Protists: Small Algae - -Phytoplankton; has the best & most producers;
Diatoms
Coccolithophores (chalk)
Dinoflagellates
- Bacteria - -Domain: Prokaryote
Kingdom: Prokaryote
- True Plants - -Seed plants, grasses and mangroves
- Cyanobacteria - -first photosynthesizes; phytoplankton; oxygen-producing
bacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae).
- What is taken from algae for our use and what kind of algae is it? - -
Coccolithophores is a micro algae protist that is used for chalk
- Regions of High Productivity - --polar regions (bc there is no thermocline &
there is upwelling and downwelling)
, -coasts (there is some upwelling and river runoff from continents)
-coral reefs (lots of sea life)
- Regions of Low Productivity - -Open ocean; espcially within subtropical
gyres bc of the stable thermocline and no nutrients from land
- What are the most abundant of all sea plants? - -Phytoplankton
- Producers - -most important; at the bottom of the food chain; they are the
organisms that photosynthesize
- Autotrophs - -Organisms that are able to make their own food "primary
producer"
- Consumers - -all animals
- Heterotroph - -An organism that cannot make its own food.
- Pelagic - -environment of the open sea
- Vertebrate Characteristics and Adaptations - -(amphibians, reptiles, fish,
birds, mammals) all higher vertebrates evolved from fish like ancestors; 500
mya
- Swimming/Buoyancy - -streamline shape (for speed and less energy
expended) to reduce water drag; fish-fins (coddle fin to increase speed);
Mammals - modified limbs (up & down mechanisms)
- Avoiding Predators - -camouflage; exterior spines, speed, poison,
symbiotic relationship; schools/pods (social groups)
- Diffusion - -when a solute goes from an area of high concentration to low
concentration (their blood has higher CO2 and low O2 and so they exchange
one gas for another)
- Symbiotic Mutualism - -both organisms benefit
- Deep Sea Fish Adaptations - -○ Good senses (no eyes/eyes to see in dark)
○ Largemouth sharp teeth
○ Expandable bodies
○ Bioluminescence (ability to make light)
○ Male permanently attached to female
- Angler Fish - -
Guide (Sacrementa-Grilo)/77 Q/A
Biological Productivity - -the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem;
western margins of continents have high prosuctivity and the Artic has the
most because of high levels of upwelling and downwelling bc there is no
thermocline
- Photosynthesis formula - -6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
- Photosynthesis - -Inputs: Carbon Dioxide, water, sunlightOutputs: Glucose,
oxygen
- Euphotic Zone - -Upper layer of a body of water through which sunlight
can penetrate and support photosynthesis.
- Plants - -Domain: Eukaryote
Kingdom: Plant
- Protists - -Domain: Eukaryote
Kingdom: Protista
A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or
fungus. (ALGAE)
- Protists: Large Algae - -brown seaweed and kelp
red and green algae
- Protists: Small Algae - -Phytoplankton; has the best & most producers;
Diatoms
Coccolithophores (chalk)
Dinoflagellates
- Bacteria - -Domain: Prokaryote
Kingdom: Prokaryote
- True Plants - -Seed plants, grasses and mangroves
- Cyanobacteria - -first photosynthesizes; phytoplankton; oxygen-producing
bacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae).
- What is taken from algae for our use and what kind of algae is it? - -
Coccolithophores is a micro algae protist that is used for chalk
- Regions of High Productivity - --polar regions (bc there is no thermocline &
there is upwelling and downwelling)
, -coasts (there is some upwelling and river runoff from continents)
-coral reefs (lots of sea life)
- Regions of Low Productivity - -Open ocean; espcially within subtropical
gyres bc of the stable thermocline and no nutrients from land
- What are the most abundant of all sea plants? - -Phytoplankton
- Producers - -most important; at the bottom of the food chain; they are the
organisms that photosynthesize
- Autotrophs - -Organisms that are able to make their own food "primary
producer"
- Consumers - -all animals
- Heterotroph - -An organism that cannot make its own food.
- Pelagic - -environment of the open sea
- Vertebrate Characteristics and Adaptations - -(amphibians, reptiles, fish,
birds, mammals) all higher vertebrates evolved from fish like ancestors; 500
mya
- Swimming/Buoyancy - -streamline shape (for speed and less energy
expended) to reduce water drag; fish-fins (coddle fin to increase speed);
Mammals - modified limbs (up & down mechanisms)
- Avoiding Predators - -camouflage; exterior spines, speed, poison,
symbiotic relationship; schools/pods (social groups)
- Diffusion - -when a solute goes from an area of high concentration to low
concentration (their blood has higher CO2 and low O2 and so they exchange
one gas for another)
- Symbiotic Mutualism - -both organisms benefit
- Deep Sea Fish Adaptations - -○ Good senses (no eyes/eyes to see in dark)
○ Largemouth sharp teeth
○ Expandable bodies
○ Bioluminescence (ability to make light)
○ Male permanently attached to female
- Angler Fish - -
