FOCM EXAM #1: NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS &
EMBRYONIC FOLDING ANOMALIES &
TERATOLOGY QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS!!
Based on the process of neurulation, where are the locations of most neural
tube defects? Answer - Cranial and lumbar regions
neural tube forms from _____ Answer - ectoderm
last portions of the neural tube to finish neurulation are: Answer - the cranial
and caudal ends
If the cranial neuropore remains open during development, which anomaly will
result? Answer - Anencephaly
What happens if the cranial neuropore remains open? Answer - -if the cranial
neuropore remains open, the brain will be underdeveloped, exposed,
continuous with the skin
anencephaly (exencephaly, cranioschisis) Answer - -incomplete development
of the cranial neural tube, resulting in a brain that is an undifferentiated and
exposed mass
-exposed with surface
-continuous w/ skin
-underdeveloped brain
, Myeloschisis Answer - -incomplete development of the caudal neural tube,
resulting lumbar spinal cord that is undifferentiated and exposed
inionschisis Answer - -failure of the neural tube to fuse near the occipital
region
-rare
-cranial dos not fuse
that after the neural tube breaks from the surface ectoderm, the ______ from
somites migrates around the neural tube and notochord to form the ______
Answer - sclerotome; vertebra
what could fail if you have delayed/late neurulation Answer - vertebral arches
that may fail to form if something (late neurulation) disrupts this process
If the caudal neuropore closes, but not in a timely fashion, disrupting the
vertebral arches, which anomaly will result? Answer - -Spina bifica occulta
-Meningocele
-Meningomyelocele
spina bifida occulta Answer - -open vertebral arch
-normal defect
-spinous processes bifib and are open
-assumptomatic
-usually one open vertebral arch, no clinical sequelae
meningocele, Answer - -only meninges protrude through defect, rare
EMBRYONIC FOLDING ANOMALIES &
TERATOLOGY QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS!!
Based on the process of neurulation, where are the locations of most neural
tube defects? Answer - Cranial and lumbar regions
neural tube forms from _____ Answer - ectoderm
last portions of the neural tube to finish neurulation are: Answer - the cranial
and caudal ends
If the cranial neuropore remains open during development, which anomaly will
result? Answer - Anencephaly
What happens if the cranial neuropore remains open? Answer - -if the cranial
neuropore remains open, the brain will be underdeveloped, exposed,
continuous with the skin
anencephaly (exencephaly, cranioschisis) Answer - -incomplete development
of the cranial neural tube, resulting in a brain that is an undifferentiated and
exposed mass
-exposed with surface
-continuous w/ skin
-underdeveloped brain
, Myeloschisis Answer - -incomplete development of the caudal neural tube,
resulting lumbar spinal cord that is undifferentiated and exposed
inionschisis Answer - -failure of the neural tube to fuse near the occipital
region
-rare
-cranial dos not fuse
that after the neural tube breaks from the surface ectoderm, the ______ from
somites migrates around the neural tube and notochord to form the ______
Answer - sclerotome; vertebra
what could fail if you have delayed/late neurulation Answer - vertebral arches
that may fail to form if something (late neurulation) disrupts this process
If the caudal neuropore closes, but not in a timely fashion, disrupting the
vertebral arches, which anomaly will result? Answer - -Spina bifica occulta
-Meningocele
-Meningomyelocele
spina bifida occulta Answer - -open vertebral arch
-normal defect
-spinous processes bifib and are open
-assumptomatic
-usually one open vertebral arch, no clinical sequelae
meningocele, Answer - -only meninges protrude through defect, rare
