NR565 Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals test questions with
correct answers
120 mg per day of morphine milligram equivalents - CORRECT ANSWERS-Referral to
a pain specialist is required for patients who take this dose of Morphine Milligram
Equivalents
Absorption Interaction - CORRECT ANSWERS-result of a change due to one
medication's effect on another medication's route of entry into the body.
ACE Inhibitor Drug Interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diuretics may intensify first-
dose hypotension; other antihypertensive agents;
HYPERKALEMIA RISK: AVOID Drugs That Raise Potassium Levels;
Lithium;
NSAIDS (may reduce antihypertensive effects of ACE I)
ACE Inhibitor Main AE - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cough; Angioedema; First Dose
Hypotension; Hyperkalemia
ACE Inhibitor Mechanism of Action - CORRECT ANSWERS-produce their beneficial
effects and adverse effects by (1) reducing levels of angiotensin II (through inhibition of
ACE) and (2) increasing levels of bradykinin (through inhibition of kinase II)
Acute Pain - CORRECT ANSWERS-An occurrence of fewer than three months and is
often precipitated by trauma and acute medical conditions or treatment.
Acute Somatic Pain - CORRECT ANSWERS--Arises from connective tissue, muscle,
bone and skin.
-Sharp and localized or dull and non-localized
-Responds best to: acetaminophen, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, opiates, local anesthetics,
ice, massage
Acute Visceral Pain - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pain in the internal organs and abdomen
Poorly localized (C-fibers)
Radiates
Most responsive to opiates
,May also use corticosteroids, NSAIDs
Adverse Effects of Opioids - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sedation, Nausea/Vomiting,
Constipation, Urinary Retention, Potential for Addiction, Respiratory Depression;
Pupillary Dilation
Adverse Effects of α Blockade - CORRECT ANSWERS-most significant adverse effect
is orthostatic hypotension; other adverse effects include reflex tachycardia, nasal
congestion, inhibition of ejaculation; sodium retention and increased blood volume
Adverse Effects of β1 Blockade - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bradycardia; Reduced
Cardiac Output; Precipitation of Heart Failure; AV Block; Rebound cardiac excitation;
Adverse effects of β2 blockade - CORRECT ANSWERS-Blockade of β2 receptors in the
lungs can cause constriction of the bronchi; Hypoglycemia
Agonist-Antagonist Opioids - CORRECT ANSWERS-The actions of these drugs at µ
and κ receptors When administered alone, produce analgesia. However, if given to a
patient who is taking a pure opioid agonist, can antagonize analgesia
Prototype Drug: Pentazocine
Aldosterone Antagonist Main AE; - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hyperkalemia
Aledronate (Fosamax) AE - CORRECT ANSWERS-Esophagitis, sometimes resulting in
ulceration, is the most serious adverse effect; atypical fractures of the femur,
Aledronate (Fosamax) MOA - CORRECT ANSWERS-prevention and treatment of
osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, in whom benefits derive from decreasing bone
resorption by osteoclasts.
suppresses resorption of bone by decreasing both the number and activity of
osteoclasts.
Allipurinol - CORRECT ANSWERS-drug of choice for patients with renal dysfunction or
who overproduce uric acid; current drug of choice for chronic tophaceous gout
Allopurinol - CORRECT ANSWERS-may inhibit hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes;
specific concern when taking warfarin
Allopurinol AE - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rash, diarrhea, nausea, gout exacerbation,
pruritus, urticaria, somnolence, alkaline phosphatase elevated (ALP), ALT or AST
elevated, and eosinophilia
Allopurinol and Febuxostat - CORRECT ANSWERS-Urate Lower Drugs/Anti-
Hyperuricemia
, Inhibits xanthine oxidase, interfering with conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to
uric acid.
Decreases the production of Uric Acid
Allopurinol Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWERS-Obtain BUN/Cr at baseline and
periodically if there is current or chronic renal infection or disease, LFTs during early
treatment if there is hepatic disease
Allopurinol Prescribing Consideration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Caution in African
American pts (incr. HLA-B 5801 allele prevalence); caution in patients of Han Chinese,
Korean, Thai, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander ancestry (incr. HLA-B 5801 allele
prevalence); caution if HLA-B 5801 allele; caution if renal impairment; caution if renal
impairment risk; caution if hepatic impairment
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Indicated for
individuals that cannot tolerate ACE Inhibitors due to cough/angioedema; Similar
mechanism of action;
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Difference from ACE Inhibitors - CORRECT
ANSWERS-do not inhibit kinase II and hence do not increase levels of bradykinin in the
lung. a lower risk for cough; do not cause clinically significant hyperkalemia
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Mechanism of Action - CORRECT ANSWERS-block
the actions of angiotensin II at receptor site; block access of angiotensin II to its
receptors in blood vessels, the adrenals, and all other tissues.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWERS-Renal Montioring;
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Therapeutic Goal - CORRECT ANSWERS-Reduce
blood pressure in patients with hypertension, improve hemodynamics in patients with
heart failure, slow progression of established diabetic nephropathy, reduce mortality,
and treat heart failure after myocardial infarction
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Prototype Drug - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Lisinopril; Ramipril; Catopril;
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Adverse Effects - CORRECT
ANSWERS-cough, angioedema, first-dose hypotension (arteriolar dilation),
hyperkalemia (due to inhibition of aldosterone release which can cause potassium
retention by the kidney.)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Contraindication - CORRECT
ANSWERS-contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and in
patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Fundamentals test questions with
correct answers
120 mg per day of morphine milligram equivalents - CORRECT ANSWERS-Referral to
a pain specialist is required for patients who take this dose of Morphine Milligram
Equivalents
Absorption Interaction - CORRECT ANSWERS-result of a change due to one
medication's effect on another medication's route of entry into the body.
ACE Inhibitor Drug Interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diuretics may intensify first-
dose hypotension; other antihypertensive agents;
HYPERKALEMIA RISK: AVOID Drugs That Raise Potassium Levels;
Lithium;
NSAIDS (may reduce antihypertensive effects of ACE I)
ACE Inhibitor Main AE - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cough; Angioedema; First Dose
Hypotension; Hyperkalemia
ACE Inhibitor Mechanism of Action - CORRECT ANSWERS-produce their beneficial
effects and adverse effects by (1) reducing levels of angiotensin II (through inhibition of
ACE) and (2) increasing levels of bradykinin (through inhibition of kinase II)
Acute Pain - CORRECT ANSWERS-An occurrence of fewer than three months and is
often precipitated by trauma and acute medical conditions or treatment.
Acute Somatic Pain - CORRECT ANSWERS--Arises from connective tissue, muscle,
bone and skin.
-Sharp and localized or dull and non-localized
-Responds best to: acetaminophen, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, opiates, local anesthetics,
ice, massage
Acute Visceral Pain - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pain in the internal organs and abdomen
Poorly localized (C-fibers)
Radiates
Most responsive to opiates
,May also use corticosteroids, NSAIDs
Adverse Effects of Opioids - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sedation, Nausea/Vomiting,
Constipation, Urinary Retention, Potential for Addiction, Respiratory Depression;
Pupillary Dilation
Adverse Effects of α Blockade - CORRECT ANSWERS-most significant adverse effect
is orthostatic hypotension; other adverse effects include reflex tachycardia, nasal
congestion, inhibition of ejaculation; sodium retention and increased blood volume
Adverse Effects of β1 Blockade - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bradycardia; Reduced
Cardiac Output; Precipitation of Heart Failure; AV Block; Rebound cardiac excitation;
Adverse effects of β2 blockade - CORRECT ANSWERS-Blockade of β2 receptors in the
lungs can cause constriction of the bronchi; Hypoglycemia
Agonist-Antagonist Opioids - CORRECT ANSWERS-The actions of these drugs at µ
and κ receptors When administered alone, produce analgesia. However, if given to a
patient who is taking a pure opioid agonist, can antagonize analgesia
Prototype Drug: Pentazocine
Aldosterone Antagonist Main AE; - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hyperkalemia
Aledronate (Fosamax) AE - CORRECT ANSWERS-Esophagitis, sometimes resulting in
ulceration, is the most serious adverse effect; atypical fractures of the femur,
Aledronate (Fosamax) MOA - CORRECT ANSWERS-prevention and treatment of
osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, in whom benefits derive from decreasing bone
resorption by osteoclasts.
suppresses resorption of bone by decreasing both the number and activity of
osteoclasts.
Allipurinol - CORRECT ANSWERS-drug of choice for patients with renal dysfunction or
who overproduce uric acid; current drug of choice for chronic tophaceous gout
Allopurinol - CORRECT ANSWERS-may inhibit hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes;
specific concern when taking warfarin
Allopurinol AE - CORRECT ANSWERS-Rash, diarrhea, nausea, gout exacerbation,
pruritus, urticaria, somnolence, alkaline phosphatase elevated (ALP), ALT or AST
elevated, and eosinophilia
Allopurinol and Febuxostat - CORRECT ANSWERS-Urate Lower Drugs/Anti-
Hyperuricemia
, Inhibits xanthine oxidase, interfering with conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to
uric acid.
Decreases the production of Uric Acid
Allopurinol Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWERS-Obtain BUN/Cr at baseline and
periodically if there is current or chronic renal infection or disease, LFTs during early
treatment if there is hepatic disease
Allopurinol Prescribing Consideration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Caution in African
American pts (incr. HLA-B 5801 allele prevalence); caution in patients of Han Chinese,
Korean, Thai, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander ancestry (incr. HLA-B 5801 allele
prevalence); caution if HLA-B 5801 allele; caution if renal impairment; caution if renal
impairment risk; caution if hepatic impairment
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Indicated for
individuals that cannot tolerate ACE Inhibitors due to cough/angioedema; Similar
mechanism of action;
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Difference from ACE Inhibitors - CORRECT
ANSWERS-do not inhibit kinase II and hence do not increase levels of bradykinin in the
lung. a lower risk for cough; do not cause clinically significant hyperkalemia
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Mechanism of Action - CORRECT ANSWERS-block
the actions of angiotensin II at receptor site; block access of angiotensin II to its
receptors in blood vessels, the adrenals, and all other tissues.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWERS-Renal Montioring;
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Therapeutic Goal - CORRECT ANSWERS-Reduce
blood pressure in patients with hypertension, improve hemodynamics in patients with
heart failure, slow progression of established diabetic nephropathy, reduce mortality,
and treat heart failure after myocardial infarction
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Prototype Drug - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Lisinopril; Ramipril; Catopril;
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Adverse Effects - CORRECT
ANSWERS-cough, angioedema, first-dose hypotension (arteriolar dilation),
hyperkalemia (due to inhibition of aldosterone release which can cause potassium
retention by the kidney.)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Contraindication - CORRECT
ANSWERS-contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and in
patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis.
