CogSci 115 exam with complete solutions
h h h h h
2024
h
Growth hMindset h- hANSWER✓✓-Belief hthat hpeople's hmost hbasic habilities hcan
hbe hdeveloped hthrough hdedication hand hhard hwork... hThis hview hcreates ha
hlove hof hlearning hand hresilience hthat his hessential hfor hgreat haccomplishment.
How hmany hpounds his hyour hbrain? h- hANSWER✓✓-3 hlbs
How hmany hneurons hdoes hyour hbrain hcontain? h- hANSWER✓✓-86 hbillion
How hmany hsynaptic hconnections hdoes hthe haverage hneuron hmake hto hother
hneurons? h- hANSWER✓✓-1000, hbut hit hvaries hfrom ha hhandful hto h200,000
What hpercent hof hthe hbody's hoxygen hand hglucose his hused hby hthe hbrain? h-
hANSWER✓✓-20%
True hor hFalse: hyour hbrain huses hup hto hten htimes hmore henergy hwhen hyou're
hthinking hhard, hrather hin hdeep hsleep h- hANSWER✓✓-False
Order hthese hin hcorrect hOrganizational hOrder:
- hindividual hneurons
- hnervous hsystem
- hnerves, hganglia
- hbrain hand hspinal hcord h- hANSWER✓✓-• hCell: hindividual hneurons
• hTissue: hnerves, hganglia
• hOrgan: hbrain hand hspinal hcord
• hSystem: hnervous hsystem
Neuron hStructure: hSoma h(Cell hBody) h- hANSWER✓✓-The hcell hbody hof hthe
hneuron, hwhich hcontains hthe hnucleus
Dendrite h- hANSWER✓✓-The hbranched, htreelike hextensions hattached hto hthe
hsoma hof ha hneuron; hreceives hinformation hfrom hneurotransmitters hreleased
hfrom hterminal hbutton hof hother hneurons
Axon h- hANSWER✓✓-The hextension hof ha hneuron, hending hin hbranching
hterminal hfibers, hthrough hwhich hmessages hare hsent hto hother hneurons
, Terminal hbutton h- hANSWER✓✓-The hbud hat hthe hend hof ha hbranch hof han
hexon; hforms hsynapses hwith hother hneurons; hsends hinformation hto hthose
hneurons hthrough hneurotransmitters
Neuotransmitter h- hANSWER✓✓-A hchemical hthat his hreleased hby hthe hterminal
hbutton; hhas han hexcitatory hor hinhibitory heffect hon hthe hother hneurons
Myelin hSheath h- hANSWER✓✓-A hlayer hof hfatty hcells hsegmentally hencasing
hfibers hof hmany hneurons; hcomposed hof hglial hcells, hthe hsupport hcells hof hthe
hCNS; henables hvastly hgreater htransmission hspeed hof hneural himpulses
hbecause hneural hsignal hjumps hform hone hnode hof hRanvier hto hthe hnext;
hDecreases hthe hamount hof henergy hneeded hfor hneural hconnection; hinsulates
hneurons, hpreventing hmessages hfrom hspreading hbetween hadjacent hneurons
Resting hMembrane hPotential h(-70 hmV) h- hANSWER✓✓-occurs hbecause hvarious
hions hare hlocated hin hdifferent hconcentrations hin hfluid hinside hand houtside hthe
hcell
What his hthe hchemical hmakeup hof hthe hExtracellular hfluid haround hneurons hat
hrest? h- hANSWER✓✓-Extracellular hfluid his hrich hin hNa+ hand hCl-
What his hmost hconcentrated hin hthe hIntracellular hFluid hof hneurons? h-
hANSWER✓✓-Intracellular hfluid his hrich hin hK+ hand hvarious horganic hanions
h(A-)
Action hPotential h- hANSWER✓✓-the hbrief helectrical himpulse hthat hprovides hthe
hbasis hfor hconduction hof hinformation halong han haxon
Outline hthe hCorrect hsteps hof han hAction hPotential:
- hNA+ hChannels hopen
- hMembrane hpotential hbecomes hmore hpositive hdue hto hpositive hions
- hNa+ hchannels hclose
- hK+ hgates hopen
- hDepolarization hoccurs, hbringing hthe hmembrane hpotential hback hto hnormal
- hK+ hchannels hclose hagain
- hNa+/K+ hPumps hpump hK+ hin hand hNa+ hout h- hANSWER✓✓-- hSodium
hchannels hopen: hNa+ hrushes hinto hthe hcell, hdriven hby hforce hof hdiffusion hand
helectrostatic hpressure
- hEntry hof hpositively hcharged hions hcauses hmembrane hpotential hto hreverse,
hso hthe hinside hbecomes hpositive
- hSodium hchannels hclose hagain
- hPotassium hgates hopen: hdepolarization hcaused hby hinflux hof hNa+ hcauses hK
h+ hto hmove houtside hthe hcell, hquickly hbringing hthe hmembrane hpotential hback
hto hits hresting hvalue
- hPotassium hchannels hclose hagain
- hNa+ his hpumped hback hout hand hK h+ hpumped hback hin hby hsodium
h h h h h
2024
h
Growth hMindset h- hANSWER✓✓-Belief hthat hpeople's hmost hbasic habilities hcan
hbe hdeveloped hthrough hdedication hand hhard hwork... hThis hview hcreates ha
hlove hof hlearning hand hresilience hthat his hessential hfor hgreat haccomplishment.
How hmany hpounds his hyour hbrain? h- hANSWER✓✓-3 hlbs
How hmany hneurons hdoes hyour hbrain hcontain? h- hANSWER✓✓-86 hbillion
How hmany hsynaptic hconnections hdoes hthe haverage hneuron hmake hto hother
hneurons? h- hANSWER✓✓-1000, hbut hit hvaries hfrom ha hhandful hto h200,000
What hpercent hof hthe hbody's hoxygen hand hglucose his hused hby hthe hbrain? h-
hANSWER✓✓-20%
True hor hFalse: hyour hbrain huses hup hto hten htimes hmore henergy hwhen hyou're
hthinking hhard, hrather hin hdeep hsleep h- hANSWER✓✓-False
Order hthese hin hcorrect hOrganizational hOrder:
- hindividual hneurons
- hnervous hsystem
- hnerves, hganglia
- hbrain hand hspinal hcord h- hANSWER✓✓-• hCell: hindividual hneurons
• hTissue: hnerves, hganglia
• hOrgan: hbrain hand hspinal hcord
• hSystem: hnervous hsystem
Neuron hStructure: hSoma h(Cell hBody) h- hANSWER✓✓-The hcell hbody hof hthe
hneuron, hwhich hcontains hthe hnucleus
Dendrite h- hANSWER✓✓-The hbranched, htreelike hextensions hattached hto hthe
hsoma hof ha hneuron; hreceives hinformation hfrom hneurotransmitters hreleased
hfrom hterminal hbutton hof hother hneurons
Axon h- hANSWER✓✓-The hextension hof ha hneuron, hending hin hbranching
hterminal hfibers, hthrough hwhich hmessages hare hsent hto hother hneurons
, Terminal hbutton h- hANSWER✓✓-The hbud hat hthe hend hof ha hbranch hof han
hexon; hforms hsynapses hwith hother hneurons; hsends hinformation hto hthose
hneurons hthrough hneurotransmitters
Neuotransmitter h- hANSWER✓✓-A hchemical hthat his hreleased hby hthe hterminal
hbutton; hhas han hexcitatory hor hinhibitory heffect hon hthe hother hneurons
Myelin hSheath h- hANSWER✓✓-A hlayer hof hfatty hcells hsegmentally hencasing
hfibers hof hmany hneurons; hcomposed hof hglial hcells, hthe hsupport hcells hof hthe
hCNS; henables hvastly hgreater htransmission hspeed hof hneural himpulses
hbecause hneural hsignal hjumps hform hone hnode hof hRanvier hto hthe hnext;
hDecreases hthe hamount hof henergy hneeded hfor hneural hconnection; hinsulates
hneurons, hpreventing hmessages hfrom hspreading hbetween hadjacent hneurons
Resting hMembrane hPotential h(-70 hmV) h- hANSWER✓✓-occurs hbecause hvarious
hions hare hlocated hin hdifferent hconcentrations hin hfluid hinside hand houtside hthe
hcell
What his hthe hchemical hmakeup hof hthe hExtracellular hfluid haround hneurons hat
hrest? h- hANSWER✓✓-Extracellular hfluid his hrich hin hNa+ hand hCl-
What his hmost hconcentrated hin hthe hIntracellular hFluid hof hneurons? h-
hANSWER✓✓-Intracellular hfluid his hrich hin hK+ hand hvarious horganic hanions
h(A-)
Action hPotential h- hANSWER✓✓-the hbrief helectrical himpulse hthat hprovides hthe
hbasis hfor hconduction hof hinformation halong han haxon
Outline hthe hCorrect hsteps hof han hAction hPotential:
- hNA+ hChannels hopen
- hMembrane hpotential hbecomes hmore hpositive hdue hto hpositive hions
- hNa+ hchannels hclose
- hK+ hgates hopen
- hDepolarization hoccurs, hbringing hthe hmembrane hpotential hback hto hnormal
- hK+ hchannels hclose hagain
- hNa+/K+ hPumps hpump hK+ hin hand hNa+ hout h- hANSWER✓✓-- hSodium
hchannels hopen: hNa+ hrushes hinto hthe hcell, hdriven hby hforce hof hdiffusion hand
helectrostatic hpressure
- hEntry hof hpositively hcharged hions hcauses hmembrane hpotential hto hreverse,
hso hthe hinside hbecomes hpositive
- hSodium hchannels hclose hagain
- hPotassium hgates hopen: hdepolarization hcaused hby hinflux hof hNa+ hcauses hK
h+ hto hmove houtside hthe hcell, hquickly hbringing hthe hmembrane hpotential hback
hto hits hresting hvalue
- hPotassium hchannels hclose hagain
- hNa+ his hpumped hback hout hand hK h+ hpumped hback hin hby hsodium
