Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1test
questions with correct answers A+
Graded
A 5-year old child presents to your primary care clinic and has gray teeth. When taking
a medication history, you will ask about previous use of which group of antibiotics?
A. PCN
B. Cephalosporins
C. Sulfonamids
D. Tetracyclines - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
- Tetracyclines cause discoloration of developing teeth in children, which is an adverse
effect unique to this class of antibiotics
- The other drugs listed here don't cause this effect
A blood pressure drug is small, lipid soluble with no charge at all times and is 99%
protein bound. The patient's dose has been titrated and is at the appropriate dose
maintain good control of his HTN. Recently, the patient begins to take daily high doses
of an additional OTC drug that is also small, lipid soluble, carries no charge and is
highly protein bound. Which of the following is likely to happen with the introduction of
the second drug?
A. The absorption of the blood pressure drug will increase because it is small, lipid
soluble and has no charge
B. The blood pressure drug will have decreased effectiveness.
C. The patient will need to be monitored as he may become hypotensive.
D. Since both drugs are small, lipid soluble and have no charge, the will compete with
eachother at the same receptor sites on body tissues. - CORRECT ANSWERS-C
If 1 protein-bound drug's dose is titrated for a specific effect, when you add another
highly protein bound drug, both of them will compete for receptor sites on the albumin
and more free (think active) drug will be in the plasma - this puts the person at risk for
,toxicity/OD from both drugs. These drugs have different actions and are not competing
for the same receptor
A cancer patient is receiving morphine to treat their cancer-related pain. Approximately
every 7 days, the medication is no longer effective in controlling her pain and a larger
dose is needed to achieve the same effect. What is happening?
A. Cumulation effect
B. Drug interactions
C. Drug tolerance
D. Addiction - CORRECT ANSWERS-C
The body may develop a tolerance to some drugs (like narcotics) when used chronically
- When tolerance occurs, the same amount of the drug no longer causes the same
reaction so higher doses are required to achieve a therapeutic effect
A cancer pt is taking Zofran for nausea. How many refills would you give this pt?
A. As many as you want before wanting to see this pt again
B. 12
C. 1
D. None - CORRECT ANSWERS-A. As many as you want before wanting to see this pt
again
A medication is a weak base that ionizes at a pH of 4 and lower. The medication is
administered orally. Which of the following statements is accurate?
A. It will be absorbed primarily in the stomach and become ionized once it reaches the
small intestine.
B. it will be absorbed primarily in the small intestine and become ionized once it reaches
the blood stream.
C. Whenever it becomes ionized, the drug will attach to an active transport receptor and
be carried into the blood stream.
D. It will be absorbed in the small intestine and be non-ionized in the blood stream and
will be able to enter into a lactating woman's breast milk and also return to the
bloodstream from the breast milk. - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
It is a weak base so, in this case it is a non-ionized in any pH greater than 4 - so it will
be absorbed in small intestines, stay ionized in blood (7.45-7.45) and also be able to
enter breast milk; since breast milk is 7.1, it will not ionize there either; there are not
transport receptors for just any drug and they would not be active transport bc it is not
an up gradient situation.
A patient has a localized skin infection, which is most likely caused by a gram positive
cocci. Until the culture & sensitivity results are available, you plan to order a _________
-spectrum _________ drug.
, A. broad; systemic
B. broad; topical
C. narrow; systemic
D. narrow; topical - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
- Because this is a localized infection, a topical agent is recommended
- And unless the infection is very serious, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic would be best
(choose one with good gram positive coverage because that is what tends to grow on
skin)
A patient has a SNP that creates greater than normal amounts of very efficient/ active
forms of CYP 3A4. This is the enzyme that deactivates drug G. Which of the following is
accurate?
A. This patient will need higher doses of drug G in order to have the expected reaction.
B. Because this patient is an ultra-metabolizer, they need to be monitored for drug
toxicity when give standard doses of drug G.
C. For safety reasons, this patient should not be give drug G or any other drugs
metabolized by CYP3A4.
D. This SNP will not affect the serum levels of the drug so no changes are needed. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A
Because the drug is inactivate by the enzyme and the patient is making more of the
enzyme than expected, the pt would need to take higher doses than usual to get the
expected effect.
A patient is taking 2 PO drugs, A and B. Drug A absorbs well in the small intestine, but
is poorly absorbed in the stomach. Drug B absorbs well in the stomach, but is poorly
absorbed in the intestines. What is likely true?
A. Drug A is probably a weak acid and drug B is probably a weak base
B. Drug A is probably a weak base and drug B is probably a weak acid
C. Drug A is a weak base, but becomes an acid when in the stomach
D. Drug B is a weak acid, but becomes a base when in the intestines - CORRECT
ANSWERS-B
Always remember that weak acids absorb well in the stomach & weak bases absorb
well in the intestines (because they are not ionized in those body compartments)
A patient presents to the ER with a serum drug level of 50 g/mL. The half-life of this
drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 g/mL are considered toxic. How
long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
A. 30 minutes
B. 1 hour
questions with correct answers A+
Graded
A 5-year old child presents to your primary care clinic and has gray teeth. When taking
a medication history, you will ask about previous use of which group of antibiotics?
A. PCN
B. Cephalosporins
C. Sulfonamids
D. Tetracyclines - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
- Tetracyclines cause discoloration of developing teeth in children, which is an adverse
effect unique to this class of antibiotics
- The other drugs listed here don't cause this effect
A blood pressure drug is small, lipid soluble with no charge at all times and is 99%
protein bound. The patient's dose has been titrated and is at the appropriate dose
maintain good control of his HTN. Recently, the patient begins to take daily high doses
of an additional OTC drug that is also small, lipid soluble, carries no charge and is
highly protein bound. Which of the following is likely to happen with the introduction of
the second drug?
A. The absorption of the blood pressure drug will increase because it is small, lipid
soluble and has no charge
B. The blood pressure drug will have decreased effectiveness.
C. The patient will need to be monitored as he may become hypotensive.
D. Since both drugs are small, lipid soluble and have no charge, the will compete with
eachother at the same receptor sites on body tissues. - CORRECT ANSWERS-C
If 1 protein-bound drug's dose is titrated for a specific effect, when you add another
highly protein bound drug, both of them will compete for receptor sites on the albumin
and more free (think active) drug will be in the plasma - this puts the person at risk for
,toxicity/OD from both drugs. These drugs have different actions and are not competing
for the same receptor
A cancer patient is receiving morphine to treat their cancer-related pain. Approximately
every 7 days, the medication is no longer effective in controlling her pain and a larger
dose is needed to achieve the same effect. What is happening?
A. Cumulation effect
B. Drug interactions
C. Drug tolerance
D. Addiction - CORRECT ANSWERS-C
The body may develop a tolerance to some drugs (like narcotics) when used chronically
- When tolerance occurs, the same amount of the drug no longer causes the same
reaction so higher doses are required to achieve a therapeutic effect
A cancer pt is taking Zofran for nausea. How many refills would you give this pt?
A. As many as you want before wanting to see this pt again
B. 12
C. 1
D. None - CORRECT ANSWERS-A. As many as you want before wanting to see this pt
again
A medication is a weak base that ionizes at a pH of 4 and lower. The medication is
administered orally. Which of the following statements is accurate?
A. It will be absorbed primarily in the stomach and become ionized once it reaches the
small intestine.
B. it will be absorbed primarily in the small intestine and become ionized once it reaches
the blood stream.
C. Whenever it becomes ionized, the drug will attach to an active transport receptor and
be carried into the blood stream.
D. It will be absorbed in the small intestine and be non-ionized in the blood stream and
will be able to enter into a lactating woman's breast milk and also return to the
bloodstream from the breast milk. - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
It is a weak base so, in this case it is a non-ionized in any pH greater than 4 - so it will
be absorbed in small intestines, stay ionized in blood (7.45-7.45) and also be able to
enter breast milk; since breast milk is 7.1, it will not ionize there either; there are not
transport receptors for just any drug and they would not be active transport bc it is not
an up gradient situation.
A patient has a localized skin infection, which is most likely caused by a gram positive
cocci. Until the culture & sensitivity results are available, you plan to order a _________
-spectrum _________ drug.
, A. broad; systemic
B. broad; topical
C. narrow; systemic
D. narrow; topical - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
- Because this is a localized infection, a topical agent is recommended
- And unless the infection is very serious, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic would be best
(choose one with good gram positive coverage because that is what tends to grow on
skin)
A patient has a SNP that creates greater than normal amounts of very efficient/ active
forms of CYP 3A4. This is the enzyme that deactivates drug G. Which of the following is
accurate?
A. This patient will need higher doses of drug G in order to have the expected reaction.
B. Because this patient is an ultra-metabolizer, they need to be monitored for drug
toxicity when give standard doses of drug G.
C. For safety reasons, this patient should not be give drug G or any other drugs
metabolized by CYP3A4.
D. This SNP will not affect the serum levels of the drug so no changes are needed. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A
Because the drug is inactivate by the enzyme and the patient is making more of the
enzyme than expected, the pt would need to take higher doses than usual to get the
expected effect.
A patient is taking 2 PO drugs, A and B. Drug A absorbs well in the small intestine, but
is poorly absorbed in the stomach. Drug B absorbs well in the stomach, but is poorly
absorbed in the intestines. What is likely true?
A. Drug A is probably a weak acid and drug B is probably a weak base
B. Drug A is probably a weak base and drug B is probably a weak acid
C. Drug A is a weak base, but becomes an acid when in the stomach
D. Drug B is a weak acid, but becomes a base when in the intestines - CORRECT
ANSWERS-B
Always remember that weak acids absorb well in the stomach & weak bases absorb
well in the intestines (because they are not ionized in those body compartments)
A patient presents to the ER with a serum drug level of 50 g/mL. The half-life of this
drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 g/mL are considered toxic. How
long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
A. 30 minutes
B. 1 hour
