2024 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NR 283
EXAM II WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Chronic pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSExample: persistent headaches
Described as aching, throbbing, or widespread
Originates anywhere in the body; generalized
and unable to state an exact location
When a person is injured, which substances contribute to the pain they
experience? Select all that apply - CORRECT-ANSWERSBradykinin
Histamine
Prostaglandin
Acute pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSDescribed as sharp
Originates anywhere in the body (somatic
or visceral); localized or generalized
Ischemic pain - CORRECT-ANSWERS• Originates anywhere in the body
• Duration: short term
Described as aching, burning, prickling, or
shooting, depending on the location of the
ischemia
Stimulus: existing condition; chemical
Atherosclerosis steps - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. normal artery
2. Endothelial formation
3. Fatty streakformation
4. Stable (fibrous) plaque formation
5. Unstable plaque formation
Which of the following is not a complication of a myocardial infarction (MI)? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSSeizures
,Which of the following manifestations can be seen in a client who has a
myocardial infarction (MI)? (Select all that apply) - CORRECT-
ANSWERSa.Chest pain. true
b.Dyspnea. true
c.Anxiety/fear. true
d.Visual disturbances. false
e.Diaphoresis(excessive sweating) true
f.Pallor true
What are manifestations of blood clotting disorders (hypocoagulation)?
Select all that apply. - CORRECT-ANSWERSa.Petechiae. yes
b.Purpura. yes
c.Ecchymosis(bruise) yes
d.Stomatitis no
e.Bleeding yes
In which ways can hypercoagulation be prevented? (Select all that apply) -
CORRECT-ANSWERSa. Frequent ambulation(?)
b. Smoking cessation. yes
c. Avoid crossing legs (?)
d. Not drinking adequate fluids no
e. Avoid prolonged sitting. yes
Manifestations of a Pulmonary Embolism - CORRECT-ANSWERSManifestations
Anxiety
Sharp sudden chest pain
Sudden SOB
Dizzy, lightheaded, fainting
Cough-possibly bloody
Risk factors for deep brain thrombosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSImmobility
Dehydration
Smoking
Oral contraceptives
Manifestations of deep brain thrombosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSSwelling
Redness
Pain
Hemostasis - Blood Clotting (How do we stop bleeding? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS1. Vasoconstriction
2.Platelets/ aka thrombocytes
form plug
3. Clotting cascade which creates an actual
clot.
, Virchow's triad - CORRECT-ANSWERSVirchow's triad are ask factors for blood
clots which are blood thickening(or higher viscosity),
venastaisis(blood sitting around will clot, stasis means not moving),
hypercoagbibility, endothelial injury
Risk factors for blood clots - CORRECT-ANSWERSGenetics, age, medications,
pregnancies,
Immobility(creates venastasis) dehydration(because blood is already thicker)
Genetics
Cancer
Medications(oral contraceptives)
Trauma
Surgery
Why do cardiac dysrhythmias decrease cardiac output? Select all that apply.
- CORRECT-ANSWERS1.A rapid heart rate prevents adequate filling of the
heart(too fast, don't have time to fill up with blood). Yes
2.A slow heart rate decreases blood flow to tissues. Yes
3.A rapid heart rate promotes adequate filling of the heart. No
4.Irregular contractions interfere with regular filling of the heart. Yes
5.A slow heart rate increases blood flow to tissues. No
In which ways can CAD be confirmed? Select all that apply. - CORRECT-
ANSWERS1.Chest x-ray yes
2.Exercise stress test yes
3.Electrocardiogram yes
4. Coronary angiogram yes
5. Troponin(confirmation) yes
Which of the following is false regarding classic/stable angina? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS1.It is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin
2.It is an intermittent chest pain
3.It is a short-term chest pain
4.It is a constant chest pain false(correct)
5.It is chest pain due to lack of oxygen to the heart
What causes Hypertension - CORRECT-ANSWERSidiopathic(means we dont
know what causes it)
Clinical Manifestations of Hypertension - CORRECT-ANSWERSBP>
140/90(dystolic is down, bottom number)
Fatigue( your body has to work harder to pump the blood)
Malaise
Morning headache
asymptomatic
EXAM II WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Chronic pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSExample: persistent headaches
Described as aching, throbbing, or widespread
Originates anywhere in the body; generalized
and unable to state an exact location
When a person is injured, which substances contribute to the pain they
experience? Select all that apply - CORRECT-ANSWERSBradykinin
Histamine
Prostaglandin
Acute pain - CORRECT-ANSWERSDescribed as sharp
Originates anywhere in the body (somatic
or visceral); localized or generalized
Ischemic pain - CORRECT-ANSWERS• Originates anywhere in the body
• Duration: short term
Described as aching, burning, prickling, or
shooting, depending on the location of the
ischemia
Stimulus: existing condition; chemical
Atherosclerosis steps - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. normal artery
2. Endothelial formation
3. Fatty streakformation
4. Stable (fibrous) plaque formation
5. Unstable plaque formation
Which of the following is not a complication of a myocardial infarction (MI)? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSSeizures
,Which of the following manifestations can be seen in a client who has a
myocardial infarction (MI)? (Select all that apply) - CORRECT-
ANSWERSa.Chest pain. true
b.Dyspnea. true
c.Anxiety/fear. true
d.Visual disturbances. false
e.Diaphoresis(excessive sweating) true
f.Pallor true
What are manifestations of blood clotting disorders (hypocoagulation)?
Select all that apply. - CORRECT-ANSWERSa.Petechiae. yes
b.Purpura. yes
c.Ecchymosis(bruise) yes
d.Stomatitis no
e.Bleeding yes
In which ways can hypercoagulation be prevented? (Select all that apply) -
CORRECT-ANSWERSa. Frequent ambulation(?)
b. Smoking cessation. yes
c. Avoid crossing legs (?)
d. Not drinking adequate fluids no
e. Avoid prolonged sitting. yes
Manifestations of a Pulmonary Embolism - CORRECT-ANSWERSManifestations
Anxiety
Sharp sudden chest pain
Sudden SOB
Dizzy, lightheaded, fainting
Cough-possibly bloody
Risk factors for deep brain thrombosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSImmobility
Dehydration
Smoking
Oral contraceptives
Manifestations of deep brain thrombosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSSwelling
Redness
Pain
Hemostasis - Blood Clotting (How do we stop bleeding? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS1. Vasoconstriction
2.Platelets/ aka thrombocytes
form plug
3. Clotting cascade which creates an actual
clot.
, Virchow's triad - CORRECT-ANSWERSVirchow's triad are ask factors for blood
clots which are blood thickening(or higher viscosity),
venastaisis(blood sitting around will clot, stasis means not moving),
hypercoagbibility, endothelial injury
Risk factors for blood clots - CORRECT-ANSWERSGenetics, age, medications,
pregnancies,
Immobility(creates venastasis) dehydration(because blood is already thicker)
Genetics
Cancer
Medications(oral contraceptives)
Trauma
Surgery
Why do cardiac dysrhythmias decrease cardiac output? Select all that apply.
- CORRECT-ANSWERS1.A rapid heart rate prevents adequate filling of the
heart(too fast, don't have time to fill up with blood). Yes
2.A slow heart rate decreases blood flow to tissues. Yes
3.A rapid heart rate promotes adequate filling of the heart. No
4.Irregular contractions interfere with regular filling of the heart. Yes
5.A slow heart rate increases blood flow to tissues. No
In which ways can CAD be confirmed? Select all that apply. - CORRECT-
ANSWERS1.Chest x-ray yes
2.Exercise stress test yes
3.Electrocardiogram yes
4. Coronary angiogram yes
5. Troponin(confirmation) yes
Which of the following is false regarding classic/stable angina? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS1.It is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin
2.It is an intermittent chest pain
3.It is a short-term chest pain
4.It is a constant chest pain false(correct)
5.It is chest pain due to lack of oxygen to the heart
What causes Hypertension - CORRECT-ANSWERSidiopathic(means we dont
know what causes it)
Clinical Manifestations of Hypertension - CORRECT-ANSWERSBP>
140/90(dystolic is down, bottom number)
Fatigue( your body has to work harder to pump the blood)
Malaise
Morning headache
asymptomatic
