WSU N414 Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answers
Fluid and electrolyte balance in children Correct Answer-Children are
much more vulnerable to imbalances in fluids and electrolytes, and this
affects care across almost every acute situation.
child differences: body weight composed of water Correct Answer-
Newborn: 75%
Infants: 65%
Two-year old: 60%
Child/Adolescent: 50%
-Higher Body Surface Area
-More Insensible Fluid Loss
(sweat, loss through respiratory tract,
fluid found in fecal excretion)
-Immature Kidney Function
-Kids have more body weight composed of water.
-Newborns have highest body weight composed of water.
-As they grow older less of their body weight is water.
-Babies cannot control temp very well.
-Children have more insensible fluid loss (fluids that you cannot
measure: sweat, breathing, fluid in poop).
,-When child has fever or increased respiratory weight, they will lose
extra fluids.
-Immature kidney function.
-Until 2, ability to concentrate urine and control water is not stable.
-Cannot regulate electrolytes and acid base balance.
24 Hour Maintenance Fluid Calculation Correct Answer--0- 10 kg: 100
mls/kg/24 hours.
-11-20 kg: 1000 + 50 mls/kg for each kg between 11-20 kg per 24 hrs.
-21-70 kg: 1500 + 20 mls/kg for each kg between 21-70 per 24 hrs.
-then divide by 24 for hourly rate.
-How much fluid a child needs depending on their weight.
-0-10kg automatic 100 ml.
11-20kg automatic 1000ml.
-21-70kg automtic 1500ml.
calculate 24 hr maintenance fluid for 8 kg child Correct Answer--100ml
x 8kg = 800ml/24 hrs.
-800ml / 24 hrs = 33 ml/hr.
calculate 24 hr maintenance fluid for 12 kg child Correct Answer--1000
ml + (50 ml x 2 kg) = 1100 ml/24 hrs.
-1100 ml / 24 hrs = 46 ml/hr.
, -2 kg because 2 kg over 10.
calculate 24 hr maintenance fluid for 21 kg child Correct Answer--1500
ml + (20 ml x 1 kg) = 1520 ml / 24 hrs.
-1520 ml / 24 hrs = 63 ml/hr.
-1 kg because she's 1 over 20 kg.
Extracellular Fluid Volume Deficit (Dehydration) Correct Answer--
Most common fluid volume issue in kids.
-Leading cause of death worldwide.
-Kids don't have enough fluid in extracellular spaces.
Symptoms of Extracellular Fluid Volume Deficit Correct Answer--
Weight loss (1 kg= 1 liter): Fluid will be gone so they will weigh less.
-Decreased blood pressure: Decreased BP because decreased volume.
-Delayed capillary refill time: Delayed cap because not enough blood in
tissues to diffuse.
-Decreased skin turgor: Decreased skin turgor because not enough fluid
to make it go back to place. Check skin turgor on babies on belly or
upper chest.
-Dizziness, syncope.
-Decreased urine output: parents notice decreased trips to bathroom or
decreased in diapers changed.
Fluid and electrolyte balance in children Correct Answer-Children are
much more vulnerable to imbalances in fluids and electrolytes, and this
affects care across almost every acute situation.
child differences: body weight composed of water Correct Answer-
Newborn: 75%
Infants: 65%
Two-year old: 60%
Child/Adolescent: 50%
-Higher Body Surface Area
-More Insensible Fluid Loss
(sweat, loss through respiratory tract,
fluid found in fecal excretion)
-Immature Kidney Function
-Kids have more body weight composed of water.
-Newborns have highest body weight composed of water.
-As they grow older less of their body weight is water.
-Babies cannot control temp very well.
-Children have more insensible fluid loss (fluids that you cannot
measure: sweat, breathing, fluid in poop).
,-When child has fever or increased respiratory weight, they will lose
extra fluids.
-Immature kidney function.
-Until 2, ability to concentrate urine and control water is not stable.
-Cannot regulate electrolytes and acid base balance.
24 Hour Maintenance Fluid Calculation Correct Answer--0- 10 kg: 100
mls/kg/24 hours.
-11-20 kg: 1000 + 50 mls/kg for each kg between 11-20 kg per 24 hrs.
-21-70 kg: 1500 + 20 mls/kg for each kg between 21-70 per 24 hrs.
-then divide by 24 for hourly rate.
-How much fluid a child needs depending on their weight.
-0-10kg automatic 100 ml.
11-20kg automatic 1000ml.
-21-70kg automtic 1500ml.
calculate 24 hr maintenance fluid for 8 kg child Correct Answer--100ml
x 8kg = 800ml/24 hrs.
-800ml / 24 hrs = 33 ml/hr.
calculate 24 hr maintenance fluid for 12 kg child Correct Answer--1000
ml + (50 ml x 2 kg) = 1100 ml/24 hrs.
-1100 ml / 24 hrs = 46 ml/hr.
, -2 kg because 2 kg over 10.
calculate 24 hr maintenance fluid for 21 kg child Correct Answer--1500
ml + (20 ml x 1 kg) = 1520 ml / 24 hrs.
-1520 ml / 24 hrs = 63 ml/hr.
-1 kg because she's 1 over 20 kg.
Extracellular Fluid Volume Deficit (Dehydration) Correct Answer--
Most common fluid volume issue in kids.
-Leading cause of death worldwide.
-Kids don't have enough fluid in extracellular spaces.
Symptoms of Extracellular Fluid Volume Deficit Correct Answer--
Weight loss (1 kg= 1 liter): Fluid will be gone so they will weigh less.
-Decreased blood pressure: Decreased BP because decreased volume.
-Delayed capillary refill time: Delayed cap because not enough blood in
tissues to diffuse.
-Decreased skin turgor: Decreased skin turgor because not enough fluid
to make it go back to place. Check skin turgor on babies on belly or
upper chest.
-Dizziness, syncope.
-Decreased urine output: parents notice decreased trips to bathroom or
decreased in diapers changed.
