N414 Exam 1 Cardiovascular System questions with
correct answers
Pediatric differences in cardiovascular system Correct Answer-higher
risk for HF
- more sensitive to volume or pressure overload
cardiac output dependent on HR
can't increase stroke volume (heart isn't muscular yet)
most common arrhythmia Correct Answer-bradycardia
Why is bradycardia most common arrhythmia? Correct Answer-due to
hypoxia and respiratory issues
chronic hypoxia leads to polycythemia (Hematocrit > 50)
CHF + polycythemia response Correct Answer-makes it harder to
circulate than it already was
blood volume norms by age Correct Answer-neonate - 85-90
infant - 75-80
child - 70-75
adult 65-70
,more blood lost in a traumatic event, affects you more
lipid profile norms Correct Answer-total cholesterol <170
LDL-C < 110
HDL-C >45
Triglycerides <100
When to screen lipid profiles Correct Answer-age 2-10:
- fam hx of CV disease <55
- parent with high cholesterol
- child with unknown history
- obesity, diabetes, hypertension in kid
all at age 10 and at age 20
primary interventions Correct Answer-family-centered lifestyle changes
diet, exercise
ex. going to park, riding bikes, lower screen time
age appropriate activities!
, At what age can we start medication to lower cholesterol? Correct
Answer-8-10 years old
Statins parent teaching Correct Answer-can affect muscles, report if
child feels achey taking this medication
goal is to get LDL <130 or decrease by 50%
need to go in for a lipid panel, liver enzymes (statins affect liver), and a
creatine kinase
Causes of secondary hypertension Correct Answer-CV disease that
includes some congestive heart failures
kidney disease
neoplasms
endocrine disorders
OSA
use of some meds (steroids, Sudafed, ibuprofen - chronic use)
percentiles of BP Correct Answer-hypertension: SBP or DBP > or =
95%
prehypertension: between 90-95%
correct answers
Pediatric differences in cardiovascular system Correct Answer-higher
risk for HF
- more sensitive to volume or pressure overload
cardiac output dependent on HR
can't increase stroke volume (heart isn't muscular yet)
most common arrhythmia Correct Answer-bradycardia
Why is bradycardia most common arrhythmia? Correct Answer-due to
hypoxia and respiratory issues
chronic hypoxia leads to polycythemia (Hematocrit > 50)
CHF + polycythemia response Correct Answer-makes it harder to
circulate than it already was
blood volume norms by age Correct Answer-neonate - 85-90
infant - 75-80
child - 70-75
adult 65-70
,more blood lost in a traumatic event, affects you more
lipid profile norms Correct Answer-total cholesterol <170
LDL-C < 110
HDL-C >45
Triglycerides <100
When to screen lipid profiles Correct Answer-age 2-10:
- fam hx of CV disease <55
- parent with high cholesterol
- child with unknown history
- obesity, diabetes, hypertension in kid
all at age 10 and at age 20
primary interventions Correct Answer-family-centered lifestyle changes
diet, exercise
ex. going to park, riding bikes, lower screen time
age appropriate activities!
, At what age can we start medication to lower cholesterol? Correct
Answer-8-10 years old
Statins parent teaching Correct Answer-can affect muscles, report if
child feels achey taking this medication
goal is to get LDL <130 or decrease by 50%
need to go in for a lipid panel, liver enzymes (statins affect liver), and a
creatine kinase
Causes of secondary hypertension Correct Answer-CV disease that
includes some congestive heart failures
kidney disease
neoplasms
endocrine disorders
OSA
use of some meds (steroids, Sudafed, ibuprofen - chronic use)
percentiles of BP Correct Answer-hypertension: SBP or DBP > or =
95%
prehypertension: between 90-95%
