LASERS CERTIFICATION EXAM
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
What types of interactions predominate in soft tissue procedures? - Answer-
Photothermal interactions
What types of interactions predominate in hard tissue procedures? - Answer-
Photoacoustic/Photodisruptive interactions
What temperature do the following things happen?
1) Hyperthermia
2) Coagulation and protein denaturation
3) Vaporization
4) Carbonization - Answer- 1) Below 50 degree C
2) 60+ degree C
3) 100 + degree C
4) 200 + degree C
Which two of the above are irreversible? - Answer- Denaturation and carbonization:
results in inflammation, pain and edema
What are the wavelengths of the following?
1) Er:YAG
2) ER,Cr:YSGG
3) Nd:YAG
4) Diode
5) Diagnodent
6) CO2 - Answer- 1) 2940 nm (mid infrared range)
2) 2780 nm (mid infrared range)
3) 1064 nm (near infrared range)
4) 805-1064 nm (invisible near infrared wavelength)
5) 655nm (visible red wavelength)
6) 10,600 nm (infrared wavelength)
(1nm=10^-9 m) **Halket said they might have meters so make sure to look at units**
What are the visible light wavelengths? - Answer- 400-750nm
, Describe the absorption of Er:YAG vs ER,Cr:YSGG - Answer- Er: YAG: peak of water
absorption in infrared spectrum
ER,Cr:YSGG: less absorption
Describe the difference in thermal penetration between Er:YAG vs ER, Cr:YSGG -
Answer- Er, Cr: YSGG has deeper thermal penetration in tooth structure, (the smaller
the wavelength= the deeper the penetration)
Are Erium lasers used in soft or hard tissue? - Answer- Both soft and hard tissue
Do erbium lasers have good thermal relaxation? - Answer- Yes, very little collateral
thermal damage
What dental procedures are erbium lasers used for? - Answer- -Tooth preparations
(with little to no LA)
-Disinfection effect on dentin and enamel
-Bone cutting
-Rapid healing and little postoperative pain in soft tissue
-Can be used as a scalpel for periodontal procedures, gingival contouring, biopsies,
frenectomies, pre-prosthetic procedures, etc.
What is the difference between soft tissue and hard tissue parameters when using
erbium lasers? - Answer- Longer pulse durations and less or no water spray for soft
tissue use. -slightly more thermal than the hard tissue setting but still has good thermal
relaxation and minimal heat penetration into underlying tissues
What was the first type of pulsed lasers to be used in dental procedures in 1990? -
Answer- Nd:YAG
Does Nd:YAG do hard or soft tissue? - Answer- Soft tissue
What type of interaction does Nd:YAG use? - Answer- Photothermal
Describe the different functions of Nd:YAG - Answer- -primarily used for periodontal
treatment: debridement of periodontal pockets
-bacterial decontamination
-seals the treated pockets by stimulating fibrin formation, acts as a scaffold for
reattachment
-forms clots in extraction sites via fibrin formation
-gingivectomy, frenectomy, impression troughing, biopsy
Are Diode lasers soft or hard tissue? - Answer- soft tissue
What type of interactions occur in diode lasers? - Answer- Photothermal
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
What types of interactions predominate in soft tissue procedures? - Answer-
Photothermal interactions
What types of interactions predominate in hard tissue procedures? - Answer-
Photoacoustic/Photodisruptive interactions
What temperature do the following things happen?
1) Hyperthermia
2) Coagulation and protein denaturation
3) Vaporization
4) Carbonization - Answer- 1) Below 50 degree C
2) 60+ degree C
3) 100 + degree C
4) 200 + degree C
Which two of the above are irreversible? - Answer- Denaturation and carbonization:
results in inflammation, pain and edema
What are the wavelengths of the following?
1) Er:YAG
2) ER,Cr:YSGG
3) Nd:YAG
4) Diode
5) Diagnodent
6) CO2 - Answer- 1) 2940 nm (mid infrared range)
2) 2780 nm (mid infrared range)
3) 1064 nm (near infrared range)
4) 805-1064 nm (invisible near infrared wavelength)
5) 655nm (visible red wavelength)
6) 10,600 nm (infrared wavelength)
(1nm=10^-9 m) **Halket said they might have meters so make sure to look at units**
What are the visible light wavelengths? - Answer- 400-750nm
, Describe the absorption of Er:YAG vs ER,Cr:YSGG - Answer- Er: YAG: peak of water
absorption in infrared spectrum
ER,Cr:YSGG: less absorption
Describe the difference in thermal penetration between Er:YAG vs ER, Cr:YSGG -
Answer- Er, Cr: YSGG has deeper thermal penetration in tooth structure, (the smaller
the wavelength= the deeper the penetration)
Are Erium lasers used in soft or hard tissue? - Answer- Both soft and hard tissue
Do erbium lasers have good thermal relaxation? - Answer- Yes, very little collateral
thermal damage
What dental procedures are erbium lasers used for? - Answer- -Tooth preparations
(with little to no LA)
-Disinfection effect on dentin and enamel
-Bone cutting
-Rapid healing and little postoperative pain in soft tissue
-Can be used as a scalpel for periodontal procedures, gingival contouring, biopsies,
frenectomies, pre-prosthetic procedures, etc.
What is the difference between soft tissue and hard tissue parameters when using
erbium lasers? - Answer- Longer pulse durations and less or no water spray for soft
tissue use. -slightly more thermal than the hard tissue setting but still has good thermal
relaxation and minimal heat penetration into underlying tissues
What was the first type of pulsed lasers to be used in dental procedures in 1990? -
Answer- Nd:YAG
Does Nd:YAG do hard or soft tissue? - Answer- Soft tissue
What type of interaction does Nd:YAG use? - Answer- Photothermal
Describe the different functions of Nd:YAG - Answer- -primarily used for periodontal
treatment: debridement of periodontal pockets
-bacterial decontamination
-seals the treated pockets by stimulating fibrin formation, acts as a scaffold for
reattachment
-forms clots in extraction sites via fibrin formation
-gingivectomy, frenectomy, impression troughing, biopsy
Are Diode lasers soft or hard tissue? - Answer- soft tissue
What type of interactions occur in diode lasers? - Answer- Photothermal
