NURS 562 Exam 1 Study Guide
With Solution
When the ovum is released into the fallopian tube, how long is it viable for?
24-48 hours
When sperm is deposited into the vagina, how long is viable for?
Up to 5 days
When is the sex of the zygote determined?
Moment of fertilization
Where does fertilization usually occur?
Fallopian tube, outer 3rd (ampulla)
How long are the stages of development: Preembryonic?
Fertilization through week 2
How long are the stages of development: Embryonic?
Week 2 to week 8
How long are the stages of development: Fetal?
Week 8 until birth
How long from fertilization to implantation?
10-14 days
,Name for identical twins
Monozygotic
Name for fraternal twins
Dizygotic
How many placenta, amnion, and chorions for fraternal twins?
2, 2, 2
How many placenta, amnion, and chorions for identical twins?
1 placenta, 1 chorion, 2 amnion
Umbilical cord contains how many arteries and veins?
2 arteries, 1 vein
Connective tissue that protects the blood vessels and prevents compression
of cord
Wharton's Jelly
What provides circulatory pathway to embryo?
Umbilical cord
Role of umbilical arteries
Carry deoxygenated blood and wastes out of the fetus to the placenta
Role of umbilical vein
Carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from placenta to fetus
Why do we delay cord clamping?
,To allow maximum nutrient and blood absorption
When does the placenta start to develop?
Third week
What is the function of the placenta?
To provide a metabolic and nutrient exchange between the embryonic and
maternal circulations
What hormones does the placenta secrete?
Hcg, human placental lactogen, estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin
What is the outer membrane that surrounds the fetus?
Chorion
What is the inner membrane that surrounds the fetus?
Amnion
What happens when "the water breaks?"
The amnionic fluid ruptures
Functions of the amniotic fluid
Helps maintain temperature, cushions for protection, aids in musculoskeletal
development, and allows the umbilical cord to be relatively free from
compression
Around what time is the fetus:
4-6 mm, brain formed from anterior neural tube, limb buds seen, first
primitive heart beats, GI system begins
, 4 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 2 mm, primitive skeletal shape, chambers in
heart, respiratory system begins, ear formation begins
6 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 8 cm, ossification of skeleton begins, liver
produces red cells, palate complete in mouth, skin pink, thyroid hormone
present, insulin present in pancreas
8-12 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 13.5 cm, teeth begin to form, meconium
begins to collect in intestines, kidneys assume shape, hair present on scalp
16 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 19 cm, myelination of spinal cord begins, suck
and swallow begins, lanugo covers body, vernix begins to protect the body
20 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 23 cm, respiration and surfactant production
begins allowing for survival if delivered at this point***, brain appears mature
24 weeks
With Solution
When the ovum is released into the fallopian tube, how long is it viable for?
24-48 hours
When sperm is deposited into the vagina, how long is viable for?
Up to 5 days
When is the sex of the zygote determined?
Moment of fertilization
Where does fertilization usually occur?
Fallopian tube, outer 3rd (ampulla)
How long are the stages of development: Preembryonic?
Fertilization through week 2
How long are the stages of development: Embryonic?
Week 2 to week 8
How long are the stages of development: Fetal?
Week 8 until birth
How long from fertilization to implantation?
10-14 days
,Name for identical twins
Monozygotic
Name for fraternal twins
Dizygotic
How many placenta, amnion, and chorions for fraternal twins?
2, 2, 2
How many placenta, amnion, and chorions for identical twins?
1 placenta, 1 chorion, 2 amnion
Umbilical cord contains how many arteries and veins?
2 arteries, 1 vein
Connective tissue that protects the blood vessels and prevents compression
of cord
Wharton's Jelly
What provides circulatory pathway to embryo?
Umbilical cord
Role of umbilical arteries
Carry deoxygenated blood and wastes out of the fetus to the placenta
Role of umbilical vein
Carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from placenta to fetus
Why do we delay cord clamping?
,To allow maximum nutrient and blood absorption
When does the placenta start to develop?
Third week
What is the function of the placenta?
To provide a metabolic and nutrient exchange between the embryonic and
maternal circulations
What hormones does the placenta secrete?
Hcg, human placental lactogen, estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin
What is the outer membrane that surrounds the fetus?
Chorion
What is the inner membrane that surrounds the fetus?
Amnion
What happens when "the water breaks?"
The amnionic fluid ruptures
Functions of the amniotic fluid
Helps maintain temperature, cushions for protection, aids in musculoskeletal
development, and allows the umbilical cord to be relatively free from
compression
Around what time is the fetus:
4-6 mm, brain formed from anterior neural tube, limb buds seen, first
primitive heart beats, GI system begins
, 4 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 2 mm, primitive skeletal shape, chambers in
heart, respiratory system begins, ear formation begins
6 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 8 cm, ossification of skeleton begins, liver
produces red cells, palate complete in mouth, skin pink, thyroid hormone
present, insulin present in pancreas
8-12 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 13.5 cm, teeth begin to form, meconium
begins to collect in intestines, kidneys assume shape, hair present on scalp
16 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 19 cm, myelination of spinal cord begins, suck
and swallow begins, lanugo covers body, vernix begins to protect the body
20 weeks
Around what time is the fetus: 23 cm, respiration and surfactant production
begins allowing for survival if delivered at this point***, brain appears mature
24 weeks
