SOCL 2001 Exam Study Guide

SOCL 2001 Exam Study Guide Sociology - Answer-- study of society - One of the social sciences - Disciplines that examine the human and social world - looks at a broad range of institutions- structures in our society (education and politics) to better understand social relationships Everyday Actor - Answer-someone who approaches the by world by using knowledge that is practical/taken for granted Social Analyst - Answer-someone who approaches the world by using reasoning and questioning to gain insight Social Perspective - Answer-- A way of looking at the world through a sociological lens - Beginner's Mind, Culture Shock, Sociological Imagination Beginner's Mind - Answer-opposite of an expert mind Culture Shock - Answer-- Sense of disorientation you experience upon entering a new environment - Behaviors that are typical in one society/culture may seem very strange in another comtext EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 2/22 Sociological Imagination - Answer-- to understand social life we must understand the intersection between biography and history - term coined by C. Wright Mills Levels of Analysis - Answer-- levels used to explore relationships - microsociology, macrosociology - referred to as micro-level and macro-level with meso-level in between Microsociology - Answer-examines small group interactions to see how they impact larger institutions in society Macrosociology - Answer-examines large-scale social structures to determine how they impact groups and individuals Theories - Answer-- propositions that seek to explain the social world and help to make predictions about future events - sometimes referred to as approaches, schools of thought, paradigms, or perspectives - address social pressures August Comte - Answer-- states that sociology needed to be treated like any other scientific discipline - he laid the groundwork for future sociologists and helped to establish the discipline EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 3/22 Harriett Martineau - Answer-- a social activist who traveled the US and wrote about social changes that are radical for this time period - she translated Comte's work into English making his idea accessible to England and America Herbert Spencer - Answer-- first great English-speaking sociologist - believed in evolution and coined the phrase "survival of the fittest" - believed that societies evolve through time by adapting to their changing environment. - his philosophy is often referred to as Social Darwinism Emile Durkheim - Answer-- like Comte, Durkheim worked for establish sociology as an important academic discipline - in 'Suicide', he studied the relationship between social isolation and suicide at the macro-level Karl Marx - Answer-- German philosopher and political activist who contributed significantly to sociology's conflict theory - theorized that capitalism created social inequality between the bourgeoisie (owned the means of production) and the proletariat (the workers) - predicted that inequality leads to class conflict Max Weber - Answer-- Also studied how society was becoming industrialized - concerned with the process of rationalization (applying economic logic to all human activity) - he believed that contemporary life was filled with disenchantment EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024 Page 4/22 W.E.B. Du Bois - Answer-- an important figure in sociology, though his contributions where ignored until very recently - wrote extensively on the subject of race in America - first American working in sociological research, making early contributions to sociological theory and methods George Herbert Mead - Answer-- Studied the connection between thought and action—or between the individual and society. - Suggested that social processes give meaning to objects in ou