PCB 3063 Exam 1
What are the similarities between human and bacterial DNA? - ✔️✔️double stranded,
universal genetic code
translation - ✔️✔️genetic information coded in mRNA directs formation of a specific
protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
1970s - ✔️✔️DNA cloning tech tools to understand human genome
genomics - ✔️✔️sequencing human genome
bioinformatics - ✔️✔️molecular biology and computer science
Francis Crick - ✔️✔️central dogma, DNA - RNA - protein
model organisms - ✔️✔️short generations, large progeny, adapt to lab,
inexpensiveness to maintain
1953 - ✔️✔️Watson & Crick
PCR - ✔️✔️1980s, replaced time consuming techniques
1990 - ✔️✔️human genome project
1995 - ✔️✔️first full DNA sequence (bacteria)
Junk DNA - ✔️✔️false theory that says 95% of genome does nothing
Epigenetics - ✔️✔️changes expression with out sequence changes, can be inherited
CRISPR - ✔️✔️editing genome, simplifies process
prokaryotes - ✔️✔️unicellular, one compartment
eukaryotic - ✔️✔️compartmentalization into organelles
eubacteria - ✔️✔️true bacteria, e. coli
archaea - ✔️✔️ancient bacteria, more similar yo eukaryotes
, nucleus - ✔️✔️separates DNA from other cellular components
transcription - ✔️✔️DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
what are chromosomes made of? - ✔️✔️1/2 DNA 1/2 protein
chromatin - ✔️✔️genetic material when cell is not dividing
histones - ✔️✔️protein, organization and condensing of DNA
virus - ✔️✔️not living organism, nucleic acids wrapped in protein
plasmids - ✔️✔️mini chromosome, drug resistance genes, common in bacteria
nuclear matrix - ✔️✔️protein system organizes DNA
somatic cells - ✔️✔️not for gametes, mitosis, diploid
homologous pair - ✔️✔️carry same set of genes, similar in size and structure
alleles - ✔️✔️different versions of a gene
centromere - ✔️✔️attachment site of spindle microtubules, dictated by DNA
metacentric - ✔️✔️
submetacentric - ✔️✔️
acrocentric - ✔️✔️
telocentric - ✔️✔️
kinetochore - ✔️✔️multiprotein complex assembles on centromere, facilitates
attachment
telomeres - ✔️✔️structure on end of chromosome
somatic cell cycle - ✔️✔️interphase, mitosis
interphase - ✔️✔️G1 - growth, S - DNA replication, G2 - prepare for mitosis
mitosis - ✔️✔️prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
What are the similarities between human and bacterial DNA? - ✔️✔️double stranded,
universal genetic code
translation - ✔️✔️genetic information coded in mRNA directs formation of a specific
protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
1970s - ✔️✔️DNA cloning tech tools to understand human genome
genomics - ✔️✔️sequencing human genome
bioinformatics - ✔️✔️molecular biology and computer science
Francis Crick - ✔️✔️central dogma, DNA - RNA - protein
model organisms - ✔️✔️short generations, large progeny, adapt to lab,
inexpensiveness to maintain
1953 - ✔️✔️Watson & Crick
PCR - ✔️✔️1980s, replaced time consuming techniques
1990 - ✔️✔️human genome project
1995 - ✔️✔️first full DNA sequence (bacteria)
Junk DNA - ✔️✔️false theory that says 95% of genome does nothing
Epigenetics - ✔️✔️changes expression with out sequence changes, can be inherited
CRISPR - ✔️✔️editing genome, simplifies process
prokaryotes - ✔️✔️unicellular, one compartment
eukaryotic - ✔️✔️compartmentalization into organelles
eubacteria - ✔️✔️true bacteria, e. coli
archaea - ✔️✔️ancient bacteria, more similar yo eukaryotes
, nucleus - ✔️✔️separates DNA from other cellular components
transcription - ✔️✔️DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
what are chromosomes made of? - ✔️✔️1/2 DNA 1/2 protein
chromatin - ✔️✔️genetic material when cell is not dividing
histones - ✔️✔️protein, organization and condensing of DNA
virus - ✔️✔️not living organism, nucleic acids wrapped in protein
plasmids - ✔️✔️mini chromosome, drug resistance genes, common in bacteria
nuclear matrix - ✔️✔️protein system organizes DNA
somatic cells - ✔️✔️not for gametes, mitosis, diploid
homologous pair - ✔️✔️carry same set of genes, similar in size and structure
alleles - ✔️✔️different versions of a gene
centromere - ✔️✔️attachment site of spindle microtubules, dictated by DNA
metacentric - ✔️✔️
submetacentric - ✔️✔️
acrocentric - ✔️✔️
telocentric - ✔️✔️
kinetochore - ✔️✔️multiprotein complex assembles on centromere, facilitates
attachment
telomeres - ✔️✔️structure on end of chromosome
somatic cell cycle - ✔️✔️interphase, mitosis
interphase - ✔️✔️G1 - growth, S - DNA replication, G2 - prepare for mitosis
mitosis - ✔️✔️prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
