WGU Pathophysiology D236 Exam Study Guide

WGU Pathophysiology D236 Exam Study Guide Describe how your body responds to an infection. - Answer-T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies. Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - Answer-Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - Answer-Alterations of DNA Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - Answer- (ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias. Explain RAAS - Answer-Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin produce angiotensin I converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II vasoconstriction release aldosterone kidneys conserve sodium and water Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure maintained. DKA - Answer-increased anion gap, decreased HCO3 How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - Answer-retain H and excrete HCO3 EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 2/20 Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - Answer-Potassium West Nile Virus - Answer-Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck Lyme disease - Answer-Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Erythema infectiosum - Answer-a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease" Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - Answer-Spina bifida Trousseau's sign - Answer-arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia Cause and sign of spina bifida - Answer-results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back. hemophilia is more common in - Answer-males Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - Answer-ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - Answer-Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia Describe Lupus - Answer-Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 3/20 Describe Myasthenia Gravis - Answer-It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing. dermatitis - Answer-inflammation of the skin eczema - Answer-noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching decubitus ulcer - Answer-sore caused by lying down for long periods of time Fungal infections - Answer-superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure to spores may or may not be transmitted benign neoplasm - Answer-noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders malignant neoplasm - Answer-uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads Osteoporosis - Answer-The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured. osteomalacia - Answer-disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency myoglobin - Answer-red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 4/20 Bursa - Answer-fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another Rickets - Answer-a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones Degenerative disk disease - Answer-A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging Paget disease - Answer-Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly