BIOD 151 Module 4 Exam Review Answer Key (Portage
learning)UPDATED 2022
What are the skeleton's main functions? - ANSWER: 1. Protects vital internal organs
2. flat bones produce blood cells
3. storage areas for inorganic calcium & phosphorus salts
4. provide sites for attachment of muscle, tendons and ligaments
5. long bones permit flexible body movement
6. Large bones support body under gravity
long bones - ANSWER: long & thin; designed to support body movement & weight.
ex: humerous, ulna, radius, tibia
flat bones - ANSWER: form the roof of the skull and protect the brain
short bones - ANSWER: small and cube shaped
ex: carpals in hands and tarsals in feet
irregular bones - ANSWER: varied in structure with ridges or irregular surfaces
ex: vertebrae, pelvic bones
sesamoid bones - ANSWER: small and flat, reinforcing tendons
ex: patella aka knee cap
bone landmarks - ANSWER: each bone has distinct markings, ridges, grooves, or
holes. Some allow for tendons to attach, some indicate where nerves or blood
vessels run alongside
formen, canal, fissure - ANSWER: openings in bone to allow for nerves, blood supply,
or passageway
sinus - ANSWER: hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air
process, ramus - ANSWER: elevations in bone
trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity, crest, line, spine - ANSWER: processor projections
for tendon or ligament attachment
head, neck, condyle, trochlea, facet - ANSWER: processes designed for articulation
with adjacent bones
fossa, sulcus - ANSWER: depressions in bone
2 main divisions of skeleton - ANSWER: axial and appendicular
, axial skeleton - ANSWER: lies on the midline of the body & consists of the skull,
vertebral column, sternum, laryngeal skeleton, and thoracic (rib) cage
the skull is formed from how many bones - ANSWER: 22 bones- the cranium has 8
bones, and there are 14 facial bones
cranium - ANSWER: protects the brain & is composed of 8 bones fitted together
fontanelles - ANSWER: membranous regions that join together certain bones that
aren't fully formed in newborns (soft spots). They allow bones in skull to compress
during childbirth & expand to accommodate a quickly growing infant brain. Begins to
close around 2 months but can take up to 2 years to fully close
bones of the cranium - ANSWER: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
frontal bone - ANSWER: forms forehead
parietal bones - ANSWER: 2, extend to the sides
occipital bone - ANSWER: curves to form the base of the skull
temporal bone - ANSWER: below parietal bones, has an opening that leads to the
middle ear
sphenoid bone - ANSWER: completes the sides of the skull & contributes to the
floors & walls of the eye sockets
ethmoid bone - ANSWER: lies in front of the sphenoid bone, part of the orbital wall
and is a component of the nasal septum
foramen magnum - ANSWER: large opening in occipital bone that allows spinal cord
to attach to brain
sinuses - ANSWER: air spaces lined by mucous membrane. Found in the cranium
bones to reduce skull weight and gives a resonant sound to the voice
mastoid sinuses - ANSWER: drain into the middle ear
mastoiditis - ANSWER: inflammation of the mastoid sinuses that can lead to deafness
sinusitis - ANSWER: inflammation of the sinuses aka sinus infection, caused by a
virus, bacteria or allergy
foramina - ANSWER: allow for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and spinal cord-
in the skull and spinal cord
carotid canal - ANSWER: opening in temporal bone for internal carotid artery
learning)UPDATED 2022
What are the skeleton's main functions? - ANSWER: 1. Protects vital internal organs
2. flat bones produce blood cells
3. storage areas for inorganic calcium & phosphorus salts
4. provide sites for attachment of muscle, tendons and ligaments
5. long bones permit flexible body movement
6. Large bones support body under gravity
long bones - ANSWER: long & thin; designed to support body movement & weight.
ex: humerous, ulna, radius, tibia
flat bones - ANSWER: form the roof of the skull and protect the brain
short bones - ANSWER: small and cube shaped
ex: carpals in hands and tarsals in feet
irregular bones - ANSWER: varied in structure with ridges or irregular surfaces
ex: vertebrae, pelvic bones
sesamoid bones - ANSWER: small and flat, reinforcing tendons
ex: patella aka knee cap
bone landmarks - ANSWER: each bone has distinct markings, ridges, grooves, or
holes. Some allow for tendons to attach, some indicate where nerves or blood
vessels run alongside
formen, canal, fissure - ANSWER: openings in bone to allow for nerves, blood supply,
or passageway
sinus - ANSWER: hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air
process, ramus - ANSWER: elevations in bone
trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity, crest, line, spine - ANSWER: processor projections
for tendon or ligament attachment
head, neck, condyle, trochlea, facet - ANSWER: processes designed for articulation
with adjacent bones
fossa, sulcus - ANSWER: depressions in bone
2 main divisions of skeleton - ANSWER: axial and appendicular
, axial skeleton - ANSWER: lies on the midline of the body & consists of the skull,
vertebral column, sternum, laryngeal skeleton, and thoracic (rib) cage
the skull is formed from how many bones - ANSWER: 22 bones- the cranium has 8
bones, and there are 14 facial bones
cranium - ANSWER: protects the brain & is composed of 8 bones fitted together
fontanelles - ANSWER: membranous regions that join together certain bones that
aren't fully formed in newborns (soft spots). They allow bones in skull to compress
during childbirth & expand to accommodate a quickly growing infant brain. Begins to
close around 2 months but can take up to 2 years to fully close
bones of the cranium - ANSWER: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
frontal bone - ANSWER: forms forehead
parietal bones - ANSWER: 2, extend to the sides
occipital bone - ANSWER: curves to form the base of the skull
temporal bone - ANSWER: below parietal bones, has an opening that leads to the
middle ear
sphenoid bone - ANSWER: completes the sides of the skull & contributes to the
floors & walls of the eye sockets
ethmoid bone - ANSWER: lies in front of the sphenoid bone, part of the orbital wall
and is a component of the nasal septum
foramen magnum - ANSWER: large opening in occipital bone that allows spinal cord
to attach to brain
sinuses - ANSWER: air spaces lined by mucous membrane. Found in the cranium
bones to reduce skull weight and gives a resonant sound to the voice
mastoid sinuses - ANSWER: drain into the middle ear
mastoiditis - ANSWER: inflammation of the mastoid sinuses that can lead to deafness
sinusitis - ANSWER: inflammation of the sinuses aka sinus infection, caused by a
virus, bacteria or allergy
foramina - ANSWER: allow for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and spinal cord-
in the skull and spinal cord
carotid canal - ANSWER: opening in temporal bone for internal carotid artery
