csd 115 final exam 100% Correct!!
reduplication - ANSWERrepeating a syllable or part of a syllable to produce a word
final consonant deletion - ANSWERleaving the final consonant off the end of the syllable. ex: cvc =>
cv
consonant cluster simplification - ANSWERreducing the number of consonants in a string of
consonants
stopping - ANSWERproducing a stop instead of a fricative
fronting - ANSWERproducing a sound made in the front of the mouth (alveolar ridge) instead
gliding of liquids - ANSWER
apraxia - ANSWERThis adult has speech sound errors due to damage to the motor programming part
of the brain (Broca's area). His speech contains sound errors that vary with each production. He may
also have difficulty performing non-speech tasks like sticking out his tongue or licking his lips.
phonological disorder - ANSWERChild produces many speech sound errors which make him very
difficult to understand. His errors aren't random though; they reflect patterns or processes he uses to
simplify adult speech.
dysarthria - ANSWERPerson's sound errors are the result of a weakness of the muscles responsible
for speech. May affect any aspect of the speech process (articulation, phonation, respiration,
resonation). This is the result of a neurological problem.
articulation disorder - ANSWERChild produces a small number of misarticulations. He is likely easy to
understand.
childhood apraxia - ANSWERThis child is highly unintelligible and produces multiple errors. His errors
increase as the word gets longer. He also has difficulty sequencing sounds.
nurturist - ANSWERbelieve that is the environment which shapes and influences human behavior.
learned.
bf skinner - ANSWERbehavioral theory
vygotsky - ANSWERsocial interactionist theory
tomasello - ANSWERsocial nature of language provides the motivation to talk
piaget - ANSWERcognitive development influences language development
schema - ANSWERa concept, mental category, or cognitive structure
assimilation - ANSWERcognitive process whereby a person includes a new stimulus into an existing
schema
accommodation - ANSWERdeveloping new schema to allow for the organization of stimuli that do
not fit into existing schemata
, equilibrium - ANSWERa balance between assimilation and accommodation
naturist - ANSWERlanguage is innate, born with language
noam chomsky - ANSWERlanguage acquisition device aids development
linguistic acquisition device - ANSWERallows children to acquire language at a rapid pace
linguistic universals - ANSWERchildren are "prewired" with grammatical rules
gleitman - ANSWERsyntactic bootstrapping: children use innate understanding of grammar to figure
out new words
pinker - ANSWERsemantic bootstrapping: based on a child's general idea of what an object is vs an
action is
prelinguistics stage - ANSWERbirth - one year old. cooing / babbling. receptive: 30-50 words. no
expressive language. child directed speech (motherese)
first words stage - ANSWER1-2 years old. phonological processes. receptive: 500 words. expressive:
250 words. behavior related to books. protowords.
early language stage - ANSWER2-3 years old. phonological processes are suppressed. receptive: 900
words. expressive: 500 words. increase in vocab and sentence usage. 14 morphemes occur. more
active in book reading. overextension & underextension.
freestanding morphemes - ANSWERwords
bound morphemes - ANSWERgrammatical inflections that attach to words to change their meaning
MLU - ANSWERaverage amount of numbers used in each sentence. morphemes divided by
utterances
preschool stage - ANSWER3-5 years old. receptive: 3000 words. expressive: 2000 words. compound
and complex sentences. carry out extended conversation. phonological awareness. narrative skills.
school years stage - ANSWERkindergarten- school age. rapid vocab growth. homonyms/ synonyms/
antonyms. figurative language. no more MLU. add prefixes and suffixes. literacy.
differences - ANSWERvariations of a symbol system used by a group. reflect regional/ social/ cultural/
ethnic differences
delays - ANSWERchild is developing receptive and expressive language skills in typical *order* but at
a slower rate
disorders - ANSWERchild is producing unusual language forms not seen in typically developing
children
developmental language impairment - ANSWERno biological or cognitive cause
acquired language impairment - ANSWERdue to injury or illness after birth
congenital language impairment - ANSWERthe result of a condition existing at or before birth
Down syndrome - ANSWERgenetic disorder - extra 21st chromosome.
autism spectrum disorder - ANSWERcommunication and behavior deficits
reduplication - ANSWERrepeating a syllable or part of a syllable to produce a word
final consonant deletion - ANSWERleaving the final consonant off the end of the syllable. ex: cvc =>
cv
consonant cluster simplification - ANSWERreducing the number of consonants in a string of
consonants
stopping - ANSWERproducing a stop instead of a fricative
fronting - ANSWERproducing a sound made in the front of the mouth (alveolar ridge) instead
gliding of liquids - ANSWER
apraxia - ANSWERThis adult has speech sound errors due to damage to the motor programming part
of the brain (Broca's area). His speech contains sound errors that vary with each production. He may
also have difficulty performing non-speech tasks like sticking out his tongue or licking his lips.
phonological disorder - ANSWERChild produces many speech sound errors which make him very
difficult to understand. His errors aren't random though; they reflect patterns or processes he uses to
simplify adult speech.
dysarthria - ANSWERPerson's sound errors are the result of a weakness of the muscles responsible
for speech. May affect any aspect of the speech process (articulation, phonation, respiration,
resonation). This is the result of a neurological problem.
articulation disorder - ANSWERChild produces a small number of misarticulations. He is likely easy to
understand.
childhood apraxia - ANSWERThis child is highly unintelligible and produces multiple errors. His errors
increase as the word gets longer. He also has difficulty sequencing sounds.
nurturist - ANSWERbelieve that is the environment which shapes and influences human behavior.
learned.
bf skinner - ANSWERbehavioral theory
vygotsky - ANSWERsocial interactionist theory
tomasello - ANSWERsocial nature of language provides the motivation to talk
piaget - ANSWERcognitive development influences language development
schema - ANSWERa concept, mental category, or cognitive structure
assimilation - ANSWERcognitive process whereby a person includes a new stimulus into an existing
schema
accommodation - ANSWERdeveloping new schema to allow for the organization of stimuli that do
not fit into existing schemata
, equilibrium - ANSWERa balance between assimilation and accommodation
naturist - ANSWERlanguage is innate, born with language
noam chomsky - ANSWERlanguage acquisition device aids development
linguistic acquisition device - ANSWERallows children to acquire language at a rapid pace
linguistic universals - ANSWERchildren are "prewired" with grammatical rules
gleitman - ANSWERsyntactic bootstrapping: children use innate understanding of grammar to figure
out new words
pinker - ANSWERsemantic bootstrapping: based on a child's general idea of what an object is vs an
action is
prelinguistics stage - ANSWERbirth - one year old. cooing / babbling. receptive: 30-50 words. no
expressive language. child directed speech (motherese)
first words stage - ANSWER1-2 years old. phonological processes. receptive: 500 words. expressive:
250 words. behavior related to books. protowords.
early language stage - ANSWER2-3 years old. phonological processes are suppressed. receptive: 900
words. expressive: 500 words. increase in vocab and sentence usage. 14 morphemes occur. more
active in book reading. overextension & underextension.
freestanding morphemes - ANSWERwords
bound morphemes - ANSWERgrammatical inflections that attach to words to change their meaning
MLU - ANSWERaverage amount of numbers used in each sentence. morphemes divided by
utterances
preschool stage - ANSWER3-5 years old. receptive: 3000 words. expressive: 2000 words. compound
and complex sentences. carry out extended conversation. phonological awareness. narrative skills.
school years stage - ANSWERkindergarten- school age. rapid vocab growth. homonyms/ synonyms/
antonyms. figurative language. no more MLU. add prefixes and suffixes. literacy.
differences - ANSWERvariations of a symbol system used by a group. reflect regional/ social/ cultural/
ethnic differences
delays - ANSWERchild is developing receptive and expressive language skills in typical *order* but at
a slower rate
disorders - ANSWERchild is producing unusual language forms not seen in typically developing
children
developmental language impairment - ANSWERno biological or cognitive cause
acquired language impairment - ANSWERdue to injury or illness after birth
congenital language impairment - ANSWERthe result of a condition existing at or before birth
Down syndrome - ANSWERgenetic disorder - extra 21st chromosome.
autism spectrum disorder - ANSWERcommunication and behavior deficits
