RADR Basic Procedures Comprehensive
Final Exam Newest 2024/25
How many bones are in the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll 26
ll How Many Phalanges are in the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll 14
ll How many metatarsals are in the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll 5 Metatarsals Instep
ll ll
ll How many tarsals are in the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll 7
How many phalanges does each toe have?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll -Great toe has 2 ll ll ll
-2nd through 5th have 3
ll ll ll ll
ll Which metatarsal has a tuberosity and where is it located? 5th at the base
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll Which metatarsal is the shortest and thickest?
ll ll ll ll ll ll First Metatarsal ll
ll Which metatarsal is commonly fractured and where?
ll ll ll ll ll ll Base of the 5th Metatarsal
ll ll ll ll
Name the tarsals:
ll ll ll -Calcaneous
-Talus
-Navicular
-3 Cuneiforms
ll
-Cuboid
ll What is the bony process on the posterior axis of the calcaneus and what is its purpose?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Tuberosity; Attachment for Achilles Tendon ll ll ll ll
ll What is the bony shelf-like process on the medial aspect of the calcaneus? Sustentaculum Tali
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll What bony process is on the lateral aspect of the calcaneus? Trochlea and Lateral Process
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
What is the calcaneal sulcus? A groove between the middle articular facet and the posterior
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
articular facet
ll ll
What is the sinus tarsi?
ll ll The passageway or tunnel formed by the calcaneal sulcus and a
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
corresponding groove in the talus
ll ll ll ll ll
What bones articulate with the Talus?
ll ll ll ll ll ll Calcaneus - inferiorly ll ll
Tibia & Fibula - superiorly
ll ll ll ll
Navicular - anteriorly ll ll
, What is included in the forefoot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll -Phalanges
-Metatarsals
What is included in the midfoot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll -5 of the tarsals ll ll ll
-Cuneiforms(3)
-Navicular
-Cuboid
ll Which bones make up the hindfoot? Talus and Calcaneous
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll What is the correct term for the superior surface of the foot? Dorsum
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll What is the correct term for the inferior or posterior surface of the foot ?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Plantar
What are sesamoid bones and where are they most often found in the foot? -Small detached bones
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
imbedded in tendons
ll ll ll ll
-On the plantar surface in most adults
ll ll ll ll ll ll
What makes up the longitudinal arch and it serves what purpose?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll -Runs the length of the foot ll ll ll ll ll
-Shock absorber & permits smooth walking ll ll ll ll ll
Saclike structures found in the knee joint that allow smooth articulation between ligaments and
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
tendons are called
ll Bursae ll ll
To decrease the angle between the anterior surface of the foot and anterior surface of the lower leg
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
is described as:
ll ll Dorsiflexion ll
ll Which tendon attaches directly to the tibial tuberosity?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Patellar
T/F: The adductor tubercle is located on the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
True: The adductor tubercle of the medial epicondyle is useful in determining the direction
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
of rotation in the lateral knee projection
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll Extending the ankle joint or pointing the foot and toes downward is called: Plantar Flexion
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll The largest and strongest tarsal bone is the: Calcaneous
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll The second largest tarsal bone, and the one that occupies the highest position in the foot, is the
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Talus or Astragulus ll ll
ll The second largest bone in the body is the:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Tibia
What forms the ankle "mortise"?
ll ll ll ll ll -Lateral malleolus of the fibula ll ll ll ll
-Medial malleolus of the tibia ll ll ll ll
-Inferior surface of the tibia ll ll ll ll
,ll How much CR angulation should be used for an AP Axial projection of the toes to open the joints?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
15 degrees toward Calcaneous ll ll ll
Where is the CR directed for the AP Axial projection of the toes?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll 3rd Metatarsophalangeal
ll
Joint
ll
How many degrees are the lower leg and foot rotated for the AP oblique projection of the toes in
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
medial rotation?
ll 30-45 degrees ll ll
ll For an AP projection of the toes, the CR is directed to the:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll 3rd metatarsophalangeal joint
ll ll
How is the patient placed for a lateral projection of the great toe and second toe?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Recumbent,
on the unaffected side
ll ll ll ll
Where is the CR directed for the lateral projection of the toe?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll -Great Toe: IP ll ll
-2nd-5th toes: PIP ll ll
In order to better demonstrate the tarsometatarsal joint spaces of the foot, a posterior angulation of
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
how many degrees is required?
ll ll 10 degrees ll ll ll ll
ll Where is the CR directed for an AP axial projection of the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Base of the third metatarsal ll ll ll ll
The most commonly performed oblique projection of the foot is the:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll AP Oblique in medial ll ll ll
rotation
ll
For an AP oblique projection of the foot in either medial or lateral rotation, the plantar surface of
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the foot should form an angle of:
ll ll 30 degrees to the plane of the IR
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
The CR for an AP oblique projection of the foot is: Perpendicular: directed to the base of the 3rd
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
metatarsal
ll
The AP Oblique projection of the foot in medial rotation demonstrates what?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll -Cuboid
without superimposition
ll ll
Sinus tarsi ll
-Open spaces between the 3rd, 4th, and 5th metatarsal bases
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
For a lateral projection of the foot, the CR is directed to the: Midfoot at a the level of the base of
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the third metatarsal
ll ll ll
Which lateral projection of the foot is the most commonly performed?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Mediolateral (Lateral ll
recumbent position)
ll ll
ll Which projections of the foot will best demonstrate the structural status of the longitudinal arch?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Lateral (lateromedial) weight-bearing ll ll
, What is the CR angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneous?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll 40
degrees to the long axis of the foot
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
For an axial projection of the calcaneous the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the foot is:
ll ll 90 degrees from the plane of the IR
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Where is the CR directed for the Axial Plantar dorsal projection?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Directed at the plantar surface ll ll ll ll
of the foot at the level of the base of the 3rd metatarsal
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
How should the foot be positioned for the lateral projection of the calcaneus?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Dorsiflexed so ll
that the foot forms a 90 degree angle to the leg
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
How is the CR directed for the lateral projection of the calcaneus? Perpendicular and 1" distal to
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the medial malleolus
ll ll ll
How is the foot and leg positioned for the AP Ankle projection of the ankle?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll How is the ll ll
foot and leg positioned for the AP Ankle projection of the ankle?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
How should the foot be positioned when performing the AP, AP Oblique, Ankle Mortise, Lateral
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
projections of the ankle?
ll Dorsiflexed ll ll ll
For an AP projection of the ankle, the CR must enter the:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Ankle joint, midway between the ll ll ll ll
malleoli
ll
What projection of the ankle will demonstrate the ankle mortise?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll AP Oblique projection medial
ll ll ll
rotation of 15 to 20 degrees
ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll To prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Dorsiflexion
ll For a lateral projection of the ankle, the CR must enter the: Medial Malleolus
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle? Over
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the posterior half of the Tibia
ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
15º-20º: Intermaleolar line is parallel to the IR ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
The medial oblique projection of the ankle require the leg and foot to be rotated how many
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
degrees?
ll 45 degrees ll
Which projection of the ankle will demonstrate the distal tibiofibular joint "open" AP Oblique
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Projection Medial Rotation
ll ll ll
(the oblique requires 45 degree rotation)
ll ll ll ll ll
Final Exam Newest 2024/25
How many bones are in the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll 26
ll How Many Phalanges are in the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll 14
ll How many metatarsals are in the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll 5 Metatarsals Instep
ll ll
ll How many tarsals are in the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll 7
How many phalanges does each toe have?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll -Great toe has 2 ll ll ll
-2nd through 5th have 3
ll ll ll ll
ll Which metatarsal has a tuberosity and where is it located? 5th at the base
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll Which metatarsal is the shortest and thickest?
ll ll ll ll ll ll First Metatarsal ll
ll Which metatarsal is commonly fractured and where?
ll ll ll ll ll ll Base of the 5th Metatarsal
ll ll ll ll
Name the tarsals:
ll ll ll -Calcaneous
-Talus
-Navicular
-3 Cuneiforms
ll
-Cuboid
ll What is the bony process on the posterior axis of the calcaneus and what is its purpose?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Tuberosity; Attachment for Achilles Tendon ll ll ll ll
ll What is the bony shelf-like process on the medial aspect of the calcaneus? Sustentaculum Tali
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll What bony process is on the lateral aspect of the calcaneus? Trochlea and Lateral Process
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
What is the calcaneal sulcus? A groove between the middle articular facet and the posterior
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
articular facet
ll ll
What is the sinus tarsi?
ll ll The passageway or tunnel formed by the calcaneal sulcus and a
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
corresponding groove in the talus
ll ll ll ll ll
What bones articulate with the Talus?
ll ll ll ll ll ll Calcaneus - inferiorly ll ll
Tibia & Fibula - superiorly
ll ll ll ll
Navicular - anteriorly ll ll
, What is included in the forefoot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll -Phalanges
-Metatarsals
What is included in the midfoot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll -5 of the tarsals ll ll ll
-Cuneiforms(3)
-Navicular
-Cuboid
ll Which bones make up the hindfoot? Talus and Calcaneous
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll What is the correct term for the superior surface of the foot? Dorsum
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll What is the correct term for the inferior or posterior surface of the foot ?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Plantar
What are sesamoid bones and where are they most often found in the foot? -Small detached bones
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
imbedded in tendons
ll ll ll ll
-On the plantar surface in most adults
ll ll ll ll ll ll
What makes up the longitudinal arch and it serves what purpose?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll -Runs the length of the foot ll ll ll ll ll
-Shock absorber & permits smooth walking ll ll ll ll ll
Saclike structures found in the knee joint that allow smooth articulation between ligaments and
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
tendons are called
ll Bursae ll ll
To decrease the angle between the anterior surface of the foot and anterior surface of the lower leg
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
is described as:
ll ll Dorsiflexion ll
ll Which tendon attaches directly to the tibial tuberosity?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Patellar
T/F: The adductor tubercle is located on the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
True: The adductor tubercle of the medial epicondyle is useful in determining the direction
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
of rotation in the lateral knee projection
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll Extending the ankle joint or pointing the foot and toes downward is called: Plantar Flexion
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll The largest and strongest tarsal bone is the: Calcaneous
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll The second largest tarsal bone, and the one that occupies the highest position in the foot, is the
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Talus or Astragulus ll ll
ll The second largest bone in the body is the:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Tibia
What forms the ankle "mortise"?
ll ll ll ll ll -Lateral malleolus of the fibula ll ll ll ll
-Medial malleolus of the tibia ll ll ll ll
-Inferior surface of the tibia ll ll ll ll
,ll How much CR angulation should be used for an AP Axial projection of the toes to open the joints?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
15 degrees toward Calcaneous ll ll ll
Where is the CR directed for the AP Axial projection of the toes?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll 3rd Metatarsophalangeal
ll
Joint
ll
How many degrees are the lower leg and foot rotated for the AP oblique projection of the toes in
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
medial rotation?
ll 30-45 degrees ll ll
ll For an AP projection of the toes, the CR is directed to the:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll 3rd metatarsophalangeal joint
ll ll
How is the patient placed for a lateral projection of the great toe and second toe?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Recumbent,
on the unaffected side
ll ll ll ll
Where is the CR directed for the lateral projection of the toe?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll -Great Toe: IP ll ll
-2nd-5th toes: PIP ll ll
In order to better demonstrate the tarsometatarsal joint spaces of the foot, a posterior angulation of
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
how many degrees is required?
ll ll 10 degrees ll ll ll ll
ll Where is the CR directed for an AP axial projection of the foot?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Base of the third metatarsal ll ll ll ll
The most commonly performed oblique projection of the foot is the:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll AP Oblique in medial ll ll ll
rotation
ll
For an AP oblique projection of the foot in either medial or lateral rotation, the plantar surface of
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the foot should form an angle of:
ll ll 30 degrees to the plane of the IR
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
The CR for an AP oblique projection of the foot is: Perpendicular: directed to the base of the 3rd
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
metatarsal
ll
The AP Oblique projection of the foot in medial rotation demonstrates what?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll -Cuboid
without superimposition
ll ll
Sinus tarsi ll
-Open spaces between the 3rd, 4th, and 5th metatarsal bases
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
For a lateral projection of the foot, the CR is directed to the: Midfoot at a the level of the base of
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the third metatarsal
ll ll ll
Which lateral projection of the foot is the most commonly performed?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Mediolateral (Lateral ll
recumbent position)
ll ll
ll Which projections of the foot will best demonstrate the structural status of the longitudinal arch?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Lateral (lateromedial) weight-bearing ll ll
, What is the CR angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneous?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll 40
degrees to the long axis of the foot
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
For an axial projection of the calcaneous the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the foot is:
ll ll 90 degrees from the plane of the IR
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Where is the CR directed for the Axial Plantar dorsal projection?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Directed at the plantar surface ll ll ll ll
of the foot at the level of the base of the 3rd metatarsal
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
How should the foot be positioned for the lateral projection of the calcaneus?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Dorsiflexed so ll
that the foot forms a 90 degree angle to the leg
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
How is the CR directed for the lateral projection of the calcaneus? Perpendicular and 1" distal to
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the medial malleolus
ll ll ll
How is the foot and leg positioned for the AP Ankle projection of the ankle?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll How is the ll ll
foot and leg positioned for the AP Ankle projection of the ankle?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
How should the foot be positioned when performing the AP, AP Oblique, Ankle Mortise, Lateral
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
projections of the ankle?
ll Dorsiflexed ll ll ll
For an AP projection of the ankle, the CR must enter the:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Ankle joint, midway between the ll ll ll ll
malleoli
ll
What projection of the ankle will demonstrate the ankle mortise?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll AP Oblique projection medial
ll ll ll
rotation of 15 to 20 degrees
ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll To prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Dorsiflexion
ll For a lateral projection of the ankle, the CR must enter the: Medial Malleolus
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle? Over
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
the posterior half of the Tibia
ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
15º-20º: Intermaleolar line is parallel to the IR ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
The medial oblique projection of the ankle require the leg and foot to be rotated how many
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
degrees?
ll 45 degrees ll
Which projection of the ankle will demonstrate the distal tibiofibular joint "open" AP Oblique
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
Projection Medial Rotation
ll ll ll
(the oblique requires 45 degree rotation)
ll ll ll ll ll
