Quantum Physics Already Verified A+

Quantum Physics Already Verified A+ Photon ️A discrete unit or package of light energy Photoelectric Effect ️The emission of electrons from a metal when electromagnetic radiation of high enough frequency falls on the surface Threshold Frequency (f₀) ️The minimum frequency of light needed to eject electrons from a metal surface Work Function (Φ) ️The minimum energy needed to eject electrons from the surface of a metal Millikan's Stopping Potential Experiment ️An experiment utilizing reverse voltage raised to such a level (stopping potential Vs) that it stops all emitted photoelectrons (NOTE: This experiment is used to test the Einstein model of the explaining the photoelectric effect.) de Broglie Hypothesis ️All particles can behave like waves whose wavelength is given by λ = h/p where h is Planck's constant and p is the momentum of the particle. Matter Waves ️All moving particles have a "matter wave" associated with them whose wavelength is the de Broglie wavelength. Wave-Particle Duality ️Both matter and radiation have a dual nature. They exhibit both particle and wave properties. Davisson-Germer Experiment ️An experiment showing that electrons are scattered off crystals of nickel and interfere with each other - also know as "electron diffraction" (NOTE: This experiment is evidence for the existence of matter waves.) Electron in a Box Model ️A model of the atom useful for explaining the origin of atomic energy levels: The model assumes that, if an electron is confined to move in one dimension by a box, the de Broglie waves associated with the electron will be standing waves of wavelength 2L/n where L is the length of the box and n is a positive integer. Further, the kinetic energy of the electron in the box is (n²h²)/(8meL²) Schrödinger Model of the Atom ️This model assumes that electrons in the atom may be described by wavefunctions. The electron has an undefined position, but the square of the amplitude of the wavefunction gives the probability of finding the electron at a particular point. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ️Conjugate quantities (position-momentum or time-energy) cannot be known precisely at the same time. (NOTE: There is a link between the uncertainty principle and the de Broglie hypothesis. For example, if a particle has a uniquely defined de Broglie wavelength, then its momentum is known precisely but all knowledge of its position is