BIOLOGY 21 SJSU FINAL-questions and
answers
Lymph✔✔watery fluid
Lymphatic Vessels✔✔transport lymph
Lymphoid Tissues & Organs✔✔Tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus
Function of the Lymphatic System✔✔Defense against infection and disease
Lymphatic System's Primary Organ✔✔Thymus gland, Bone Marrow
Lymphatic System's Secondary Organ✔✔Tonsils, Spleen, Some lymph nodes
Immunity✔✔Resistance to disease
1. Physical and chemical barriers✔✔Tears, Saliva, Respiratory tract, Stomach,
Bladder, Skin, Large intestine
2. General Defenses (Non-specific)✔✔Defensive cells & Proteins, Fever,
Inflammation, Phagocytes
3. Specific Defenses (Specialized):
If a pathogen elicits a very specific response by the body, it is called an✔✔ANTIGEN
2 ways to battle antigens✔✔1. Produce ANTIBODIES
2. Kill the suckers outright
B lymphocytes (B cells)✔✔Mature in the bone marrow
Secrete ANTIBODIES to neutralize the antigen (long-term immunity)
T lymphocytes (T cells)✔✔Mature in the thymus
Do NOT secrete antibodies
attack DIRECTLY
Cytotoxic T cells: attack and destroy
Helper T cells: enhance the response of other immune cells
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PRODUCES✔✔gametes
reproductive organs✔✔gonads
Reproductive system functions✔✔Produce, protect, and nourish gametes
Trigger puberty
maintain reproductive ability
stimulate secondary sex characteristics
, produce hormones involved in sexual maturation and general homeostasis
Reproductive system structures✔✔Gonads: produce gametes
Ducts: transport gametes and fertilized eggs
Accessory glands: facilitate gamete production and survival
Supporting structures: help deliver and support the gametes
Male Reproductive System✔✔-Testes: produce sperm
-Scrotum: regulates temperature
-Epididymis: stores sperm
-Ductus (vas) deferens: stores & transports sperm
-Ejaculatory duct: transports sperm and secretions
-Penis: delivers sperm
Male Reproductive System: Accessory Glands✔✔-Prostate gland: secretes watery
alkaline fluid
-Seminal vesicle: secretes fructose, seminal fluid
-Bulbourethral gland: secretes lubricating mucus, cleanses urethra
Regulation of Male Reproductive Activity: HORMONES✔✔-Testosterone: controls
growth and function of male reproductive tissues, stimulates aggression and sexual
behavior, and secondary sexual characteristics
-LH: stimulates production of testosterone
-FSH: may enhance sperm formation
accessory glands of male reproductive system✔✔seminal vesicles, prostate gland,
bulbourethral glands
seminal vesicles✔✔Secrete fructose & seminal fluid
prostate gland✔✔secretes watery alkaline fluid to raise vaginal pH
bulbourethral glands✔✔secretes mucus to neutralize any urine (acidic) in urethra
Testerone✔✔Sex hormone responsible for growth and development of male sex
characteristics.
LH and FSH in males✔✔stimulates production of the testerone
indirectly stimulate sperm formation
Where are eggs fertilized?✔✔fallopian tubes
Ovaries✔✔secrete estrogen and progesterone
oocytes
Uterus✔✔fertilized egg grows (womb)
endometrium & myometrium
answers
Lymph✔✔watery fluid
Lymphatic Vessels✔✔transport lymph
Lymphoid Tissues & Organs✔✔Tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus
Function of the Lymphatic System✔✔Defense against infection and disease
Lymphatic System's Primary Organ✔✔Thymus gland, Bone Marrow
Lymphatic System's Secondary Organ✔✔Tonsils, Spleen, Some lymph nodes
Immunity✔✔Resistance to disease
1. Physical and chemical barriers✔✔Tears, Saliva, Respiratory tract, Stomach,
Bladder, Skin, Large intestine
2. General Defenses (Non-specific)✔✔Defensive cells & Proteins, Fever,
Inflammation, Phagocytes
3. Specific Defenses (Specialized):
If a pathogen elicits a very specific response by the body, it is called an✔✔ANTIGEN
2 ways to battle antigens✔✔1. Produce ANTIBODIES
2. Kill the suckers outright
B lymphocytes (B cells)✔✔Mature in the bone marrow
Secrete ANTIBODIES to neutralize the antigen (long-term immunity)
T lymphocytes (T cells)✔✔Mature in the thymus
Do NOT secrete antibodies
attack DIRECTLY
Cytotoxic T cells: attack and destroy
Helper T cells: enhance the response of other immune cells
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PRODUCES✔✔gametes
reproductive organs✔✔gonads
Reproductive system functions✔✔Produce, protect, and nourish gametes
Trigger puberty
maintain reproductive ability
stimulate secondary sex characteristics
, produce hormones involved in sexual maturation and general homeostasis
Reproductive system structures✔✔Gonads: produce gametes
Ducts: transport gametes and fertilized eggs
Accessory glands: facilitate gamete production and survival
Supporting structures: help deliver and support the gametes
Male Reproductive System✔✔-Testes: produce sperm
-Scrotum: regulates temperature
-Epididymis: stores sperm
-Ductus (vas) deferens: stores & transports sperm
-Ejaculatory duct: transports sperm and secretions
-Penis: delivers sperm
Male Reproductive System: Accessory Glands✔✔-Prostate gland: secretes watery
alkaline fluid
-Seminal vesicle: secretes fructose, seminal fluid
-Bulbourethral gland: secretes lubricating mucus, cleanses urethra
Regulation of Male Reproductive Activity: HORMONES✔✔-Testosterone: controls
growth and function of male reproductive tissues, stimulates aggression and sexual
behavior, and secondary sexual characteristics
-LH: stimulates production of testosterone
-FSH: may enhance sperm formation
accessory glands of male reproductive system✔✔seminal vesicles, prostate gland,
bulbourethral glands
seminal vesicles✔✔Secrete fructose & seminal fluid
prostate gland✔✔secretes watery alkaline fluid to raise vaginal pH
bulbourethral glands✔✔secretes mucus to neutralize any urine (acidic) in urethra
Testerone✔✔Sex hormone responsible for growth and development of male sex
characteristics.
LH and FSH in males✔✔stimulates production of the testerone
indirectly stimulate sperm formation
Where are eggs fertilized?✔✔fallopian tubes
Ovaries✔✔secrete estrogen and progesterone
oocytes
Uterus✔✔fertilized egg grows (womb)
endometrium & myometrium
