USAHS CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE EXAM | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST VERSION
Cortical stroke syndromes (MCA, ACA, PCA) ______ is the most common
source of infarct. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------MCA (superior
division: anterior and parietal; inferior division: temporal; deep territory:
check book)
True or false:
Proximal occlusions affect all three regions (MCA, ACA, PCA); known as a
stem infarct) ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------True
___________ strokes usually have a worse prognosis for survival or
recovery. May involve coma, lesions of CNs, lesions of descending motor
or ascending sensory pathways. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Brainstem
The prognosis of a brainstem stroke depends on what? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------Location and size of lesion as well as amount of
collateral blood flow and early medical care
The four D's with crossed findings? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and dizziness (ipsilateral)
,______________ pathways send information from the brain to the
periphery (motor). ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Descending
______________ pathways send sensory information from the periphery to
the brain. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Ascending
What make up the posterior column medial leminiscus? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------The fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis
The fasciculus gracilis carries sensory information from the __________
extremities. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Lower
The fasciculus cuneatus carries sensory information from the ___________
extremities. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Upper
The _______________ pathway predominantly provides our protective
sensations and pain. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Anterolateral
The dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts send information from the
__________ to the ______________. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
-Spine, cerebellum
The posterior column medial leminiscus, anterolateral system
(spinothalamic, spinoreticular, spinomesencephalic), ventral and rostral
cerebellar, dorsal spinocerebellar, and cuneocerebellar are all
,________________ tracts. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Ascending
What makes up the anterolateral system? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------
------Spinothalamic, spinoreticular, and spinomesencephalic tracts
The _______ is responsible for sensory (vibration, joint position, and fine
touch). ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------PCML
Where does the PCML cross over? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Internal arcuate fibers (lower medulla)
The anterolateral pathway is responsible for ________,
________________, and _________ ________. ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------Pain, temperature, crude touch
Where does the anterolateral pathway cross over? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------Anterior commissure in the spinal cord
What is the difference between the spinothalamic, reticular, and
spinomesenteric tracts? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Spinothalamic: ex. feeling that you stepped on something sharp
Reticular: ouch that hurt (emotional component)
Spinomesenteric: pain modulation ("that's better")
, Meissner's corpuscle vs Merkel's? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Meissners: light touch
Merkerls: two point discrimination
Pacinian corpuscles and ruffini endings deal with __________ and
________ ________. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Vibration and
deep touch
True or false:
Bare nerve endings are nociceptors. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
True (pain, temp, itch)
As information travels up through the spinal cord through the brain stem it
eventually is "filtered" through the ___________ to go to it's specific areas
within the brain. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Thalamus
What are the four major functions of the thalamus? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------1. Integration and relay of sensory information
2. Integration and relay of motor control information from the cerebellum
and basal ganglia to the motor cortex
3. Gating the passage of sensory and motor information
4. Transmit states of consciousness from the brainstem to the cortex
1st order neuron of the PCML ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------enters
the dorsal root
-enters the ipsilateral posterior column (gracilis below T6; cuneatus above
T6)
-synapse on 2nd order neuron in the closed caudal medulla
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |
LATEST VERSION
Cortical stroke syndromes (MCA, ACA, PCA) ______ is the most common
source of infarct. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------MCA (superior
division: anterior and parietal; inferior division: temporal; deep territory:
check book)
True or false:
Proximal occlusions affect all three regions (MCA, ACA, PCA); known as a
stem infarct) ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------True
___________ strokes usually have a worse prognosis for survival or
recovery. May involve coma, lesions of CNs, lesions of descending motor
or ascending sensory pathways. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Brainstem
The prognosis of a brainstem stroke depends on what? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------Location and size of lesion as well as amount of
collateral blood flow and early medical care
The four D's with crossed findings? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and dizziness (ipsilateral)
,______________ pathways send information from the brain to the
periphery (motor). ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Descending
______________ pathways send sensory information from the periphery to
the brain. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Ascending
What make up the posterior column medial leminiscus? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------The fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis
The fasciculus gracilis carries sensory information from the __________
extremities. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Lower
The fasciculus cuneatus carries sensory information from the ___________
extremities. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Upper
The _______________ pathway predominantly provides our protective
sensations and pain. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Anterolateral
The dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts send information from the
__________ to the ______________. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
-Spine, cerebellum
The posterior column medial leminiscus, anterolateral system
(spinothalamic, spinoreticular, spinomesencephalic), ventral and rostral
cerebellar, dorsal spinocerebellar, and cuneocerebellar are all
,________________ tracts. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Ascending
What makes up the anterolateral system? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------
------Spinothalamic, spinoreticular, and spinomesencephalic tracts
The _______ is responsible for sensory (vibration, joint position, and fine
touch). ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------PCML
Where does the PCML cross over? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Internal arcuate fibers (lower medulla)
The anterolateral pathway is responsible for ________,
________________, and _________ ________. ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------Pain, temperature, crude touch
Where does the anterolateral pathway cross over? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------Anterior commissure in the spinal cord
What is the difference between the spinothalamic, reticular, and
spinomesenteric tracts? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Spinothalamic: ex. feeling that you stepped on something sharp
Reticular: ouch that hurt (emotional component)
Spinomesenteric: pain modulation ("that's better")
, Meissner's corpuscle vs Merkel's? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
Meissners: light touch
Merkerls: two point discrimination
Pacinian corpuscles and ruffini endings deal with __________ and
________ ________. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Vibration and
deep touch
True or false:
Bare nerve endings are nociceptors. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
True (pain, temp, itch)
As information travels up through the spinal cord through the brain stem it
eventually is "filtered" through the ___________ to go to it's specific areas
within the brain. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Thalamus
What are the four major functions of the thalamus? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------1. Integration and relay of sensory information
2. Integration and relay of motor control information from the cerebellum
and basal ganglia to the motor cortex
3. Gating the passage of sensory and motor information
4. Transmit states of consciousness from the brainstem to the cortex
1st order neuron of the PCML ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------enters
the dorsal root
-enters the ipsilateral posterior column (gracilis below T6; cuneatus above
T6)
-synapse on 2nd order neuron in the closed caudal medulla
