D103 Final UPDATED Actual Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What activates mTOR? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- PKB
What is mTOR? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- activated by PKB and is sensitive to
rapomycin; stimulates cell growth and metabolism
What are cellular responses in response to activation of PKB/AKT? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- promotes glucose uptake
promotes cell survival by Ph. and inactivating pro-apop proteins such as BAD
promotes cell growth
Upon male stimulation, what is released in a G2 arrested oocyte to enter meiosis? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- progesterone
What is progesterone? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- released by female's ovary; induces G2
arrested oocytes to enter meiosis I and progress to 2nd meiotic metaphase
what does oocytes undergoing meiosis contain? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- maturation
promoting factor
True or false: MPF activity correlates with entry of cells into meiosis or mitosis - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- True
What is cdc28? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the first protein in the cell cycle
What is Cyclin D and its CDK? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Found at the G1 entry into
cycle; CDK 4/6
What is Cyclin E and its CDK? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Found at G1/S; CDK 2
, What is Cyclin A and its CDK? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Found at S; CDK 1
What is Cyclin B and its CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Found at M; CDK 1
How is Cyclin D turned on? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Growth factor signaling
What is the Anaphase Promoting Complex? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Controls
degradation of mitotic cyclins & exit from mitosis; gets upregulated as the cell transitions
into telophase; targets cyclins for degradation
What does APC-cdc20 degrade? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- securin
What does APC-cdh1 degrade? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- M-cyclins
What are the two pathways for regulating and degrading cyclins and proteins? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- 1. Proteasomal Pathway
2. Lysosomal Pathway
What is the proteasome pathway? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. E1 (Ub activating enzyme)
is Ubiquitinated
2. E1 transfers Ub to E2
3. E3 transfer Ub from E2 to the lysine residue of target protein
4. Subsequent ligase reactions attach multiple Ub molecules to poly-ubiquintinate
5. Poly-Ub protein is targeted to proteasome and is broken down into amino acids
What happens at G0 phase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cells are differentiated; protein
synthesis
What is AP1? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- transcritpion factor that binds to Cyclin D
promoter and activates Cyclin D; when it subunits Jun and Fos dimerize, they turn on Cyclin
D
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What activates mTOR? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- PKB
What is mTOR? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- activated by PKB and is sensitive to
rapomycin; stimulates cell growth and metabolism
What are cellular responses in response to activation of PKB/AKT? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- promotes glucose uptake
promotes cell survival by Ph. and inactivating pro-apop proteins such as BAD
promotes cell growth
Upon male stimulation, what is released in a G2 arrested oocyte to enter meiosis? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- progesterone
What is progesterone? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- released by female's ovary; induces G2
arrested oocytes to enter meiosis I and progress to 2nd meiotic metaphase
what does oocytes undergoing meiosis contain? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- maturation
promoting factor
True or false: MPF activity correlates with entry of cells into meiosis or mitosis - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- True
What is cdc28? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the first protein in the cell cycle
What is Cyclin D and its CDK? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Found at the G1 entry into
cycle; CDK 4/6
What is Cyclin E and its CDK? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Found at G1/S; CDK 2
, What is Cyclin A and its CDK? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Found at S; CDK 1
What is Cyclin B and its CKD? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Found at M; CDK 1
How is Cyclin D turned on? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Growth factor signaling
What is the Anaphase Promoting Complex? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Controls
degradation of mitotic cyclins & exit from mitosis; gets upregulated as the cell transitions
into telophase; targets cyclins for degradation
What does APC-cdc20 degrade? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- securin
What does APC-cdh1 degrade? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- M-cyclins
What are the two pathways for regulating and degrading cyclins and proteins? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- 1. Proteasomal Pathway
2. Lysosomal Pathway
What is the proteasome pathway? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. E1 (Ub activating enzyme)
is Ubiquitinated
2. E1 transfers Ub to E2
3. E3 transfer Ub from E2 to the lysine residue of target protein
4. Subsequent ligase reactions attach multiple Ub molecules to poly-ubiquintinate
5. Poly-Ub protein is targeted to proteasome and is broken down into amino acids
What happens at G0 phase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cells are differentiated; protein
synthesis
What is AP1? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- transcritpion factor that binds to Cyclin D
promoter and activates Cyclin D; when it subunits Jun and Fos dimerize, they turn on Cyclin
D
