NURS 2063 ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY.
What is Pathophysiology
Correct Answer -is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy
and physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the
human body
What are pressure ulcers?
Correct Answer -localized area of cellular necrosis resulting from pressure
between any boney prominence and with an external object.
What populations are more at risk for having a pressure ulcer?
Correct Answer -bedridden, elderly, incontinence, amputees, those with
contractions
Name some of the common places pressure ulcers are found.
Correct Answer -buttock, head, elbows, and heels
What are some risk factors that can lead to pressure ulcers?
Correct Answer -poor nutrition, aging, immobility, sensory loss, bowel and
bladder incontinence.
How does a stage 1 ulcer present?
Correct Answer -Intact skin with non blanching redness.
,How does a stage 2 ulcer present?
Correct Answer -partial thickness skin loss involving the epidermis or
dermis or both.
How does a stage 3 ulcer present?
Correct Answer -full thickness tissue loss with visible fat.
How does a stage 4 ulcer present?
Correct Answer -ull thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle or
tendon. Nerves are destroyed so client feels numbness in area.
How can we prevent pressure ulcers?
Correct Answer -turning patients every 2 hours who are bedridden.
Appropriate nutrition and hydration. float heels off bed, clean linens,
doing incontinence care, movement of patients, barrier cream and wound
care of places susceptible to ulcers.
How does a first degree burn present?
Correct Answer -affects only the epidermis and causes pain, erythema and
edema.
Example of first degree burn
Correct Answer -sunburn
How does a second degree burn present?
Correct Answer -affects the epidermis and dermis and causes pain,
erythema and blistering.
Example of second degree burn
Correct Answer -sun burn that blisters
,How does a third degree burn present?
Correct Answer -extends into the deeper tissues, and cause white or
blackened charred skin that may be numb due to nerve damage or loss
from the burn.
Example of third degree burn
Correct Answer -charred blackened wound from a fire
What is compartment syndrome
Correct Answer -dangerous complication of soft tissue injury that results
from swelling or injured tissue within a restrictive fascia.
Explain the pathophysiology behind compartment syndrome
Correct Answer -Edema causes increased pressure within the compartment.
The pressure reduces capillary flow and the muscles and the nerves are
ischemic and if not treated, necrosis can occur,
What must one do when compartment syndrome occurs?
Correct Answer -reduce pressure so blood flow can occur. usually a
fasciotomy is performed so that blood flow can occur
What are 5 P's of compartment syndrome?
Correct Answer -Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pulselessness
, What is osteomyelitis?
Correct Answer -severe pyogenic infection of bone and local tissues
What can cause osteomyelitis?
Correct Answer -can be caused by burns, sinus disease, trauma, tumors,
periodontal infection and pressure ulcers, open fractures, penetration of
wounds, surgical contamination or use of metal screws
What can occur with osteomyelitis?
Correct Answer -necrosis
What is osteoporosis?
Correct Answer -common metabolic disease and occurs when the rate of
bone resorption is greater than bone formation. The bones end up
becoming fragile and light, bone are porous.Can lead to short stature,
muscle wasting, back spasms and difficulty bending.
Which group of people are most affected by osteoporosis?
Correct Answer -women age 60-80 that are caucasian.
What is osteoporosis caused by?
Correct Answer -estrogen deficiency, poor calcium intake and disuse of
supplements.
How do we diagnose osteoporosis?
Correct Answer -bone mineral density scan
When does rickets occur?
Correct Answer -children
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY.
What is Pathophysiology
Correct Answer -is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy
and physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the
human body
What are pressure ulcers?
Correct Answer -localized area of cellular necrosis resulting from pressure
between any boney prominence and with an external object.
What populations are more at risk for having a pressure ulcer?
Correct Answer -bedridden, elderly, incontinence, amputees, those with
contractions
Name some of the common places pressure ulcers are found.
Correct Answer -buttock, head, elbows, and heels
What are some risk factors that can lead to pressure ulcers?
Correct Answer -poor nutrition, aging, immobility, sensory loss, bowel and
bladder incontinence.
How does a stage 1 ulcer present?
Correct Answer -Intact skin with non blanching redness.
,How does a stage 2 ulcer present?
Correct Answer -partial thickness skin loss involving the epidermis or
dermis or both.
How does a stage 3 ulcer present?
Correct Answer -full thickness tissue loss with visible fat.
How does a stage 4 ulcer present?
Correct Answer -ull thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle or
tendon. Nerves are destroyed so client feels numbness in area.
How can we prevent pressure ulcers?
Correct Answer -turning patients every 2 hours who are bedridden.
Appropriate nutrition and hydration. float heels off bed, clean linens,
doing incontinence care, movement of patients, barrier cream and wound
care of places susceptible to ulcers.
How does a first degree burn present?
Correct Answer -affects only the epidermis and causes pain, erythema and
edema.
Example of first degree burn
Correct Answer -sunburn
How does a second degree burn present?
Correct Answer -affects the epidermis and dermis and causes pain,
erythema and blistering.
Example of second degree burn
Correct Answer -sun burn that blisters
,How does a third degree burn present?
Correct Answer -extends into the deeper tissues, and cause white or
blackened charred skin that may be numb due to nerve damage or loss
from the burn.
Example of third degree burn
Correct Answer -charred blackened wound from a fire
What is compartment syndrome
Correct Answer -dangerous complication of soft tissue injury that results
from swelling or injured tissue within a restrictive fascia.
Explain the pathophysiology behind compartment syndrome
Correct Answer -Edema causes increased pressure within the compartment.
The pressure reduces capillary flow and the muscles and the nerves are
ischemic and if not treated, necrosis can occur,
What must one do when compartment syndrome occurs?
Correct Answer -reduce pressure so blood flow can occur. usually a
fasciotomy is performed so that blood flow can occur
What are 5 P's of compartment syndrome?
Correct Answer -Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pulselessness
, What is osteomyelitis?
Correct Answer -severe pyogenic infection of bone and local tissues
What can cause osteomyelitis?
Correct Answer -can be caused by burns, sinus disease, trauma, tumors,
periodontal infection and pressure ulcers, open fractures, penetration of
wounds, surgical contamination or use of metal screws
What can occur with osteomyelitis?
Correct Answer -necrosis
What is osteoporosis?
Correct Answer -common metabolic disease and occurs when the rate of
bone resorption is greater than bone formation. The bones end up
becoming fragile and light, bone are porous.Can lead to short stature,
muscle wasting, back spasms and difficulty bending.
Which group of people are most affected by osteoporosis?
Correct Answer -women age 60-80 that are caucasian.
What is osteoporosis caused by?
Correct Answer -estrogen deficiency, poor calcium intake and disuse of
supplements.
How do we diagnose osteoporosis?
Correct Answer -bone mineral density scan
When does rickets occur?
Correct Answer -children
