HSC 343 Exam 2 Questions with
All Correct Answers
What are cholinesterase inhibitors? - Answer- -work to increase Ach in the brain by
decreasing its rate of breakdown
-modest improvements in behavior, cognition and function are seen
What are side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors? - Answer- GI distress, HA, dizziness
and bronchoconstriction
What does Donepezil cause? - Answer- GI secretion and bradycardia
What does Rivastigmine cause? - Answer- significant GI side effect, including weight
loss
What are actions of Memantine? - Answer- NMDA receptor agonist
What does Memantine do? - Answer- reduces the destructive effect of NMDA in the
brain
What is Parkinson's disease? - Answer- caused by a decrease of dopamine in the
nerves of the substantia nigra in the brain
What are treatments for Parkinson's? - Answer- begin with blocking the excessive Ach
activity. anticholingergic drugs may be used
What is the action of Levodopa? - Answer- crosses BBB and is converted to dopamine
What is the action of Carbidopa? - Answer- inhibits dopa decarboxylase in the periphery
What is Sinemet? - Answer- the combination of Levodopa and Carbidopa
What are actions of Selegiline? - Answer- -prevents dopamine breakdown by blocking
MAO-B
-causes agitation and insomnia
What are actions of Beztropine? - Answer- anticholinergic; useful in younger patients
What is Pramipexole used for? - Answer- used alone in early stages, combines with
Levodopa in later disease
What is Ropinirole used for? - Answer- similar to pramipexole, also used for restless leg
syndrome
, What are neuromuscular blockers? - Answer- used as muscle relaxants during surgery,
to facilitate intubation, to help control ventilation, to decrease muscle spasms during
electroconvulsive therapy
What are non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers? - Answer- similar to tubocurarine,
but this drug has been removed from the US market; available drugs are Atracurium
What is Succinylcholine? - Answer- onset within 30 seconds to 1 minute, duration of
action about 5 minutes; used to facilitate intubation or for endoscopy
What is Curare? - Answer- used for longer surgical procedures, as adjuncts to
anesthesia
What do opioids do? - Answer- relieve pain and induce euphoria by binding to opiate
receptors in the brain; disrupt the transmission of pain signals in the CNS
What happens when opioids bind to opiate receptors? - Answer- produces analgesia,
sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, constipation and nausea
How should opioids be administered? - Answer- on a fixed schedule, not as needed
What are CDC guidelines for opioids? - Answer- -should not be first choice drugs
-short tern use is suggested
-tapers and alternatives are suggested
-strategies for addiction/ dependence are addressed
What are 3 signs of opioid toxicity? - Answer- -coma/heavy sedation: worst case
scenario
-pinpoint pupils: myosis
-respiratory depression- may be fatal
What should the nurse monitor when opioid overdose or toxicity is suspected? -
Answer- decreased respirations, excessive sedation, hypotension, muscle weakness
and altered mental state
What are full agonists opioids? - Answer- good for severe pain, may give a feeling of
euphoria
What are partial agonists opioids? - Answer- good for moderate pain, may act as
antagonists at some receptors and precipitate withdrawal
What are antagonists of opioids? - Answer- will reverse all narcotic effects including
pain relief, euphoria and respiratory depression; also very effective at treating opioid
induced constipation
All Correct Answers
What are cholinesterase inhibitors? - Answer- -work to increase Ach in the brain by
decreasing its rate of breakdown
-modest improvements in behavior, cognition and function are seen
What are side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors? - Answer- GI distress, HA, dizziness
and bronchoconstriction
What does Donepezil cause? - Answer- GI secretion and bradycardia
What does Rivastigmine cause? - Answer- significant GI side effect, including weight
loss
What are actions of Memantine? - Answer- NMDA receptor agonist
What does Memantine do? - Answer- reduces the destructive effect of NMDA in the
brain
What is Parkinson's disease? - Answer- caused by a decrease of dopamine in the
nerves of the substantia nigra in the brain
What are treatments for Parkinson's? - Answer- begin with blocking the excessive Ach
activity. anticholingergic drugs may be used
What is the action of Levodopa? - Answer- crosses BBB and is converted to dopamine
What is the action of Carbidopa? - Answer- inhibits dopa decarboxylase in the periphery
What is Sinemet? - Answer- the combination of Levodopa and Carbidopa
What are actions of Selegiline? - Answer- -prevents dopamine breakdown by blocking
MAO-B
-causes agitation and insomnia
What are actions of Beztropine? - Answer- anticholinergic; useful in younger patients
What is Pramipexole used for? - Answer- used alone in early stages, combines with
Levodopa in later disease
What is Ropinirole used for? - Answer- similar to pramipexole, also used for restless leg
syndrome
, What are neuromuscular blockers? - Answer- used as muscle relaxants during surgery,
to facilitate intubation, to help control ventilation, to decrease muscle spasms during
electroconvulsive therapy
What are non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers? - Answer- similar to tubocurarine,
but this drug has been removed from the US market; available drugs are Atracurium
What is Succinylcholine? - Answer- onset within 30 seconds to 1 minute, duration of
action about 5 minutes; used to facilitate intubation or for endoscopy
What is Curare? - Answer- used for longer surgical procedures, as adjuncts to
anesthesia
What do opioids do? - Answer- relieve pain and induce euphoria by binding to opiate
receptors in the brain; disrupt the transmission of pain signals in the CNS
What happens when opioids bind to opiate receptors? - Answer- produces analgesia,
sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, constipation and nausea
How should opioids be administered? - Answer- on a fixed schedule, not as needed
What are CDC guidelines for opioids? - Answer- -should not be first choice drugs
-short tern use is suggested
-tapers and alternatives are suggested
-strategies for addiction/ dependence are addressed
What are 3 signs of opioid toxicity? - Answer- -coma/heavy sedation: worst case
scenario
-pinpoint pupils: myosis
-respiratory depression- may be fatal
What should the nurse monitor when opioid overdose or toxicity is suspected? -
Answer- decreased respirations, excessive sedation, hypotension, muscle weakness
and altered mental state
What are full agonists opioids? - Answer- good for severe pain, may give a feeling of
euphoria
What are partial agonists opioids? - Answer- good for moderate pain, may act as
antagonists at some receptors and precipitate withdrawal
What are antagonists of opioids? - Answer- will reverse all narcotic effects including
pain relief, euphoria and respiratory depression; also very effective at treating opioid
induced constipation
