NURS 487 Final Exam Questions And 100%
Correct Answers
What is an indicator/symptom that shock is progressing? -ANSWER During the early
stage of septic shock, the patient has warm and dry skin. Cool and clammy skin would
indicate that the shock is progressing.
neurogenic shock - ANSWER Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients
with spinal cord injuries.
What are the hallmark symptoms of Neurogenic shock? - ANSWER hypotension and
bradycardia.
What are four of the manifestations of septic shock? - ANSWER - Increased cardiac
output
- warm, flushed skin
- fever and chills
- vasodilation
What is a symptom in anaphylactic shock? - ANSWER Angioneurotic edema.
What is one of the hallmark symptoms of ARDS? - ANSWER hypoxemia.
MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) - ANSWER progressive dysfunction of two
or more organ systems due to pro-inflammatory state such as SIRS or Septic shock
What is an indication that a patient may be going from cardiogenic shock into MODS? -
,ANSWER The elevated serum creatinine level indicates that the client has renal failure
as well as heart failure.
What are some manifestations of cardiogenic shock? - ANWER Crackles, chest
pressure, and cool extremities are all consistent with cardiogenic shock.
What symptoms are indicative of ARDS? - ANWER Septicemia and laboured breathing
suggest the onset of ARDS
What is the rationale for prone positioning? - ANWER to improve the client's oxygenation
as reflected in the PaO2 and SaO2.
What is intracellular fluid? - ANWER fluid within the cell
What is extracellular fluid? ANSWER fluid outside the cell
What is intravascular fluid? ANSWER Fluid WITHIN the blood vessels
What is interstitial fluid? ANSWER Fluid BETWEEN the cells or in the tissues
What is edema? (patho/ steps) ANSWER The collection of fluid in interstitial spaces.
- 1. increase in capillary permeability
- 2. increase in loss of fluid and protein
- 3. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- 4. =EDEMA
What comes after sodium? - ANSWER CHLORIDE & H2O FOLLOWS SODIUM
What is the role of sodium? - ANSWER 90% of the ECF, works with K+ and Ca++ to
, conduct nerve impulses and regulate acid-base balance and membrane transport
Sodium (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, controlled by what? Roles?) - ANSWER - major ECF
cation
- controlled by the kidneys/ aldosterone
- functions: neuromuscular irritability, acid-base balance, membrane transport
What does chloride do? (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, roles) - ANSWER - Major ECF anion
- electroneutrality
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? (steps, overall effect) - ANSWER -
Body's response to low BP/ BV
1. ADH is released from the posterior pituitary
2. ADH + Renin = angiotensin I
3. ACE + angiotensin I = angiotensin II
4. Aldosterone & ADH are increased
***OVERALL: increased extracellular fluid/ increased blood volume, increase blood
pressure, vasoconstriction, increased sodium and water retention
What happens when a hypotonic solution is administered? - ANSWER When a hypotonic
solution is administered it puts more water in the serum than is found inside cells.
Because of this, water moves into the cells to equalize the concentration of solutes
inside and outside of the cell, which causes the cells to swell.
What is a hypotonic solution? -purpose, when is it used, who do you not give it to?-
ANSWER -Fluid goes into the cell
For patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemia.
DO NOT GIVE TO PATIENTS WITH BRAIN INJURIES due to cerebral oedema, increased
Correct Answers
What is an indicator/symptom that shock is progressing? -ANSWER During the early
stage of septic shock, the patient has warm and dry skin. Cool and clammy skin would
indicate that the shock is progressing.
neurogenic shock - ANSWER Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients
with spinal cord injuries.
What are the hallmark symptoms of Neurogenic shock? - ANSWER hypotension and
bradycardia.
What are four of the manifestations of septic shock? - ANSWER - Increased cardiac
output
- warm, flushed skin
- fever and chills
- vasodilation
What is a symptom in anaphylactic shock? - ANSWER Angioneurotic edema.
What is one of the hallmark symptoms of ARDS? - ANSWER hypoxemia.
MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) - ANSWER progressive dysfunction of two
or more organ systems due to pro-inflammatory state such as SIRS or Septic shock
What is an indication that a patient may be going from cardiogenic shock into MODS? -
,ANSWER The elevated serum creatinine level indicates that the client has renal failure
as well as heart failure.
What are some manifestations of cardiogenic shock? - ANWER Crackles, chest
pressure, and cool extremities are all consistent with cardiogenic shock.
What symptoms are indicative of ARDS? - ANWER Septicemia and laboured breathing
suggest the onset of ARDS
What is the rationale for prone positioning? - ANWER to improve the client's oxygenation
as reflected in the PaO2 and SaO2.
What is intracellular fluid? - ANWER fluid within the cell
What is extracellular fluid? ANSWER fluid outside the cell
What is intravascular fluid? ANSWER Fluid WITHIN the blood vessels
What is interstitial fluid? ANSWER Fluid BETWEEN the cells or in the tissues
What is edema? (patho/ steps) ANSWER The collection of fluid in interstitial spaces.
- 1. increase in capillary permeability
- 2. increase in loss of fluid and protein
- 3. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- 4. =EDEMA
What comes after sodium? - ANSWER CHLORIDE & H2O FOLLOWS SODIUM
What is the role of sodium? - ANSWER 90% of the ECF, works with K+ and Ca++ to
, conduct nerve impulses and regulate acid-base balance and membrane transport
Sodium (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, controlled by what? Roles?) - ANSWER - major ECF
cation
- controlled by the kidneys/ aldosterone
- functions: neuromuscular irritability, acid-base balance, membrane transport
What does chloride do? (cation or anion, ECF or ICF, roles) - ANSWER - Major ECF anion
- electroneutrality
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? (steps, overall effect) - ANSWER -
Body's response to low BP/ BV
1. ADH is released from the posterior pituitary
2. ADH + Renin = angiotensin I
3. ACE + angiotensin I = angiotensin II
4. Aldosterone & ADH are increased
***OVERALL: increased extracellular fluid/ increased blood volume, increase blood
pressure, vasoconstriction, increased sodium and water retention
What happens when a hypotonic solution is administered? - ANSWER When a hypotonic
solution is administered it puts more water in the serum than is found inside cells.
Because of this, water moves into the cells to equalize the concentration of solutes
inside and outside of the cell, which causes the cells to swell.
What is a hypotonic solution? -purpose, when is it used, who do you not give it to?-
ANSWER -Fluid goes into the cell
For patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemia.
DO NOT GIVE TO PATIENTS WITH BRAIN INJURIES due to cerebral oedema, increased
