CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE USAHS EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(JUST RELEASED) | ALREADY GRADED A+
What happens if a pt has a lesion to the limbic system? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------pt may have trouble forming new memories and
lesions can also cause behavior changes
What is a unimodal association cortex? ------CORRECT ANSWER------------
---higher order processing mostly for a single sensory or motor modality
What is a heteromodal association cortex? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------
-------involved in integrating functions from multiple sensory and/or motor
modalities
What is Gerstmann's syndrome? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
lesion in the inferior parietal lobe in left hemisphere
causes difficulty with calculations, right-left confusion, inability to identify
fingers by name (finger agnosia) and difficulties with written language
What is apraxia? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------inability to perform
motor activities
abnormalities in motor conceptualization, planning and execution caused
by lesions in frontal or left parietal lobe
,left hemineglect is caused by lesions in the non-dominant (right
hemisphere)
ex: pt cannot brush teeth
What is anosognosia? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------unawareness
of a deficit
What are the frontal release signs? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
primitive reflexes that are normal in infants but abnormal in adults
seen with frontal lobe lesions
include: grasp, root, suck, snout reflexes
What is the clonus reflex? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------involuntary
rhythmic, repetitive contractions of foot seen with UMN lesion
What is Hoffman's sign? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------tested by
holding the patient's middle finger and flicking it downward causing the
finger to extend slightly. If the thumb flexes or adducts in response, this
sign is positive -- heightened finger flexors
What are the reflex grades? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------0 -
absent
1+ - trace
2+ - normal
3+ - brisk
4+ - non sustained clonus
, 5+ - sustained clonus
What is the Babinski reflex? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the big
toe is extended and the other toes fan in response to the brushing of the
sole of the foot-- positive response
When would you use the abdominal cutaneous reflex? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------for coma, spinal cord injury, frontal lobe dysfunction,
neurodegerative disorders
What is appendicular coordination ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
ataxia is abnormal movements in coordination
look for overshoot with finger to nose test or heel-shin test
What is the Romberg test? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Tests the
client's coordination, client stands with feet together and arms at sides eyes
open and then closed. Client should be able to maintain the position for 20
secs with minimal or no swaying
tests 3 sensory systems --> vision, vestibular, proprioception
What is gait? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------observe walking toward
and away
note stance, posture, stability, how high feet raise off the floor, trajectory of
leg swing and if there is circumduction, leg stiffness, degree of knee
bending, arm swing, tendency to fall or sway, rate and speed, difficulty
initiating or stopping gait, and involuntary movements
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(JUST RELEASED) | ALREADY GRADED A+
What happens if a pt has a lesion to the limbic system? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------pt may have trouble forming new memories and
lesions can also cause behavior changes
What is a unimodal association cortex? ------CORRECT ANSWER------------
---higher order processing mostly for a single sensory or motor modality
What is a heteromodal association cortex? ------CORRECT ANSWER--------
-------involved in integrating functions from multiple sensory and/or motor
modalities
What is Gerstmann's syndrome? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
lesion in the inferior parietal lobe in left hemisphere
causes difficulty with calculations, right-left confusion, inability to identify
fingers by name (finger agnosia) and difficulties with written language
What is apraxia? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------inability to perform
motor activities
abnormalities in motor conceptualization, planning and execution caused
by lesions in frontal or left parietal lobe
,left hemineglect is caused by lesions in the non-dominant (right
hemisphere)
ex: pt cannot brush teeth
What is anosognosia? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------unawareness
of a deficit
What are the frontal release signs? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
primitive reflexes that are normal in infants but abnormal in adults
seen with frontal lobe lesions
include: grasp, root, suck, snout reflexes
What is the clonus reflex? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------involuntary
rhythmic, repetitive contractions of foot seen with UMN lesion
What is Hoffman's sign? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------tested by
holding the patient's middle finger and flicking it downward causing the
finger to extend slightly. If the thumb flexes or adducts in response, this
sign is positive -- heightened finger flexors
What are the reflex grades? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------0 -
absent
1+ - trace
2+ - normal
3+ - brisk
4+ - non sustained clonus
, 5+ - sustained clonus
What is the Babinski reflex? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the big
toe is extended and the other toes fan in response to the brushing of the
sole of the foot-- positive response
When would you use the abdominal cutaneous reflex? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------for coma, spinal cord injury, frontal lobe dysfunction,
neurodegerative disorders
What is appendicular coordination ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
ataxia is abnormal movements in coordination
look for overshoot with finger to nose test or heel-shin test
What is the Romberg test? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Tests the
client's coordination, client stands with feet together and arms at sides eyes
open and then closed. Client should be able to maintain the position for 20
secs with minimal or no swaying
tests 3 sensory systems --> vision, vestibular, proprioception
What is gait? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------observe walking toward
and away
note stance, posture, stability, how high feet raise off the floor, trajectory of
leg swing and if there is circumduction, leg stiffness, degree of knee
bending, arm swing, tendency to fall or sway, rate and speed, difficulty
initiating or stopping gait, and involuntary movements
