ENGR 297 Test 2 With
Solution
Consequentialism - ANSWER an action is morally right if the consequences of
that action are more favorable than unfavorable
-> Handlung moralisch richtig, wenn Konsequenzen eher günstig als
ungünstig sind
Utiliarianism - ANSWER greatest amount of happiness for the greater
number of people when considering consequences
BENTHAM: 1. Act 2. what causes pleasure/pain
MILL: 1. Rule 2. Levels (some pain/pleasure are worse/better than other)
Deontological theories - ANSWER consider our duties not the consequences
of some act or rule
-> Pflichten berücksichtigen, nicht Konsequenzen einer Handlung
Virtue theory - ANSWER emphasizes the importance of developing good
habits of character rather than following rules
-> gute Charaktereigenschaften anstatt Regeln zu befolgen
, Categorical imperative - ANSWER mandates an action, irrespective of one's
desire
do unto other as you would have them do unto you
-> fordert eine Handlung, unabhängig von eigenen Wünschen
-> behandle andere so, wie du selbst behandelt werden willst
Social contract - ANSWER act according to the aggreements made with
others in society
Veil of Ignorance (Rawls) - ANSWER we are unaware of any of our own
circumstances (poor/rich, young/old, male/female...); make moral rules from
the neutral position
Prisoner's Dilemma - ANSWER we act better if we try to maximize benefits
for everyone rather than just ourselves
Anthropocentric theories - ANSWER ethical debate are human centered;
seems that only humans can reflect about ethical matters
Environmental theory (holistic) - ANSWER we need to stop treating land as a
mere object or resource
Solution
Consequentialism - ANSWER an action is morally right if the consequences of
that action are more favorable than unfavorable
-> Handlung moralisch richtig, wenn Konsequenzen eher günstig als
ungünstig sind
Utiliarianism - ANSWER greatest amount of happiness for the greater
number of people when considering consequences
BENTHAM: 1. Act 2. what causes pleasure/pain
MILL: 1. Rule 2. Levels (some pain/pleasure are worse/better than other)
Deontological theories - ANSWER consider our duties not the consequences
of some act or rule
-> Pflichten berücksichtigen, nicht Konsequenzen einer Handlung
Virtue theory - ANSWER emphasizes the importance of developing good
habits of character rather than following rules
-> gute Charaktereigenschaften anstatt Regeln zu befolgen
, Categorical imperative - ANSWER mandates an action, irrespective of one's
desire
do unto other as you would have them do unto you
-> fordert eine Handlung, unabhängig von eigenen Wünschen
-> behandle andere so, wie du selbst behandelt werden willst
Social contract - ANSWER act according to the aggreements made with
others in society
Veil of Ignorance (Rawls) - ANSWER we are unaware of any of our own
circumstances (poor/rich, young/old, male/female...); make moral rules from
the neutral position
Prisoner's Dilemma - ANSWER we act better if we try to maximize benefits
for everyone rather than just ourselves
Anthropocentric theories - ANSWER ethical debate are human centered;
seems that only humans can reflect about ethical matters
Environmental theory (holistic) - ANSWER we need to stop treating land as a
mere object or resource
