/I2025IUpdate)IAdvancedI
PharmacotherapeuticsICompleteIReviewI|Qs
I&IAs|I100%ICorrect|IGradeIAI(VerifiedI
Answers)
Q:IWhatIfactorsIaffectItheI
1.IRateIofIabsorptionIorIhowIfast
2.IExtentIofIabsorptionIorIhowImuchIofImedIreachesIbloodIstream.
Answer:
1.IpHIofItheIenvironmentIwhereIabsorptionItakesIplace.
2.ISurfaceIareaIavailableI(smallIintestine)
3.IBloodIsupplyItoIabsorptionIsiteI
4.IPresenceIofIfood,IorIotherImaterialsIinIGII(IcanIpromoteIorIinhibitIabsorption)
Q:ITypesIofImedications
Answer:
WeakIacids:IwaterIsoluble,Ipolar,IandIchargedI(hardItimeIpassingIthroughIcellImembrane)
WeakIbases:IlipidIsoluble,Iunpolar,InonIchargedI(muchIeasierIpassIthrough).I
TheIsolubilityIandIdependabilityIofImedicationItoIpassIthroughIcellImembraneIallIdependsIonIt
heIRATIOIdeterminedIbyIenvironmentalIpHI&ISTRENGTHIofIweakIacidIorIbase.
Q:IHowIisItheIdrugIstrengthIorIaIweakIacidIorIweakIbaseImeasured?
Answer:
pKa
,Q:IWhatIisItheIpKa?
Answer:
pHIvalueIofIwhenIconcentrationsIofItheIunchargedIandIchargedIformsIequalIeachIother.I..
Q:IWhereIdoIweakIacidsItypicallyIabsorbIbest?
Answer:
ProximalIDuodenum
StomachIisIacidicIbutInotIsuitableIforIweakIacidsItoIabsorb..ImucousIlayer.
Q:IWhereIdoIweakIbasesItypicallyIabsorbIbest?
Answer:
DistalIileum
Q:IProcessIofIAbsorptionIforIPOImeds.
Answer:
Mouth,IabsorbedIthroughIwallsIofIsmallIintestine,ItransportedItoItheIliverI(via)IportalIvein.I
OnceIinIliverIhepaticIenzymesIwillIMETABOLIZEIdrug..I(knownIas..IfirstIpassImetabolismIor
IfirstIpassIeffect)..
Q:IWhatIisIfirstIpassImetabolism?
Answer:
, MetabolismIofIaIdrugIbeforeIitIentersIcirculation;IusuallyIthruIstomach,Iliver,Iintestine,Irectum
,Ilung.
Q:IFirstIpassImetabolismIofIPO.I...?
Answer:
BreakdownIofIMOSTImedsIintoItheIINACTIVEImetabolites.
ConvertsIprodrugsIintoIactiveImetabolites.I
BeforeIenteringIgeneralIcirculation.
Q:IRoutsIthatIbypassIfirstIpassIeffect?
Answer:
IV
StraightItoIsystemicIcirculationI100%IdrugIconcentrationIintoIcirculationIwithIIV.I
IMITransdermal,Isublingual,Iinhalation
Q:IBioavailabilityIorI"F"
Answer:
TheIfractionIofIanIorallyIadministeredI,educationIthatIreachesICIRCULATIONIinIUNCHANG
EDIFORM.I
IVI=IalwaysI100%
Q:IWhatIisItheIDistribution?
Answer:
TheImovementIofImedicationIfromIcirculationItoIbodyItissues.