NBME CBSE ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025(Quiz bank with all the correct
answers)(usmle step 1)Medical examination
Type II pneumocytes - ANSWER-surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - ANSWER-Killed = Salk =
IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - ANSWER-Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - ANSWER-
Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - ANSWER-Squamous gas diffusion
,Elastase in lungs - ANSWER-macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - ANSWER-Lysine
interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - ANSWER-Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - ANSWER-
Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - ANSWER-LHF,
pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - ANSWER-
emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - ANSWER-DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - ANSWER-
pulmonary = systemic
,Anatomic pulmonary shunting - ANSWER-Bronchial
circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - ANSWER-BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - ANSWER-basic, cold,
low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - ANSWER-low pH,
high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - ANSWER-*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - ANSWER-carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - ANSWER-lactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning - ANSWER-*Amyl
nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
, Normal A-a gradient - ANSWER-5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - ANSWER-*Diffusion
impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - ANSWER-ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - ANSWER-PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - ANSWER-BP cuff - appear and
disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - ANSWER-10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - ANSWER-Cardiac
Tamponade
ANSWERS 2024/2025(Quiz bank with all the correct
answers)(usmle step 1)Medical examination
Type II pneumocytes - ANSWER-surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - ANSWER-Killed = Salk =
IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - ANSWER-Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - ANSWER-
Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - ANSWER-Squamous gas diffusion
,Elastase in lungs - ANSWER-macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - ANSWER-Lysine
interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - ANSWER-Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - ANSWER-
Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - ANSWER-LHF,
pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - ANSWER-
emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - ANSWER-DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - ANSWER-
pulmonary = systemic
,Anatomic pulmonary shunting - ANSWER-Bronchial
circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - ANSWER-BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - ANSWER-basic, cold,
low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - ANSWER-low pH,
high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - ANSWER-*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - ANSWER-carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - ANSWER-lactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning - ANSWER-*Amyl
nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
, Normal A-a gradient - ANSWER-5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - ANSWER-*Diffusion
impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - ANSWER-ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - ANSWER-PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - ANSWER-BP cuff - appear and
disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - ANSWER-10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - ANSWER-Cardiac
Tamponade
