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Applied Probability and Statistics (WGU)
Exam Study Guide.
Distribution - answer✔an arrangement of values that demonstrates their frequency or occurrence
pie chart - answer✔categorical data, %
bar chart - answer✔categorical data; displays counts or frequencies for a category
dot plot - answer✔quantitative data, data is represented by a single point
stem plots - answer✔quantitative data, shows distribution while representing specific data points
box plots - answer✔quantitative data, can be used to compare data sets, each part is 25% of data
histograms - answer✔quantitative data, display frequencies or counts
quantitative data - answer✔numerical data, consists of data values that are numerical,
representing quantities that can be counted or measured
categorical data - answer✔data that consists of names, labels, or other nonnumerical values
relative frequency - answer✔a way to approximate a percentage by dividing the number of times
an event occurred by the number of trials
frequency distribution - answer✔a record of the number of times data occurs within a certain
category
outliers - answer✔an observation point (number) that is distant from the other observations of a
data set
center - answer✔a measure of central tendency that is used to describe an entire set of data with
one value that represents the middle or center of the distribution (mean, median, mode)
interval - answer✔a set of numbers between two specified values
check sheet - answer✔a table that allows data to be collected by marking how often an event has
occurred in a certain interval
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symmetric distributions - answer✔the left half of a data set being roughly identical to the right
half
bell curve - answer✔normal distribution, results from graphing frequency versus distribution for
a trait that varies continuously in a population
skewed-right - answer✔type of data distribution where frequency starts small, increases, then
gradually decreases again
skewed-left - answer✔distribution where data starts small and consistently increases before
dropping off again
u-shaped - answer✔distribution where data in the middle is lower than the data on the left or
right
uniform - answer✔distribution where all data is virtually the same
bimodal - answer✔data set with only two peaks
multimodal - answer✔data set with multiple peaks
statistics - answer✔the collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers
reliable data - answer✔data that is consistent and repeatable
valid data - answer✔data resulting from a test that accurately measures what it was intended to
measure
five number summary - answer✔lists the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and
maximum in a data set
quartiles - answer✔divides data into four equally sized groups
interquartile range - answer✔difference between the third quartile and the first quartile
normal symmetric (measures of center and spread) - answer✔mean; standard deviation
skewed (measures of center and spread) - answer✔median; range or interquartile range
explanatory variable (independent variable) - answer✔the cause of some result
response variable (dependent variable) - answer✔the affected or changed variable
C→C - answer✔both variables are categorical; displayed in a two way frequency table
(contingency table)
C→Q - answer✔categorical and quantitative; displayed in with side by side box plots
Applied Probability and Statistics (WGU)
Exam Study Guide.
Distribution - answer✔an arrangement of values that demonstrates their frequency or occurrence
pie chart - answer✔categorical data, %
bar chart - answer✔categorical data; displays counts or frequencies for a category
dot plot - answer✔quantitative data, data is represented by a single point
stem plots - answer✔quantitative data, shows distribution while representing specific data points
box plots - answer✔quantitative data, can be used to compare data sets, each part is 25% of data
histograms - answer✔quantitative data, display frequencies or counts
quantitative data - answer✔numerical data, consists of data values that are numerical,
representing quantities that can be counted or measured
categorical data - answer✔data that consists of names, labels, or other nonnumerical values
relative frequency - answer✔a way to approximate a percentage by dividing the number of times
an event occurred by the number of trials
frequency distribution - answer✔a record of the number of times data occurs within a certain
category
outliers - answer✔an observation point (number) that is distant from the other observations of a
data set
center - answer✔a measure of central tendency that is used to describe an entire set of data with
one value that represents the middle or center of the distribution (mean, median, mode)
interval - answer✔a set of numbers between two specified values
check sheet - answer✔a table that allows data to be collected by marking how often an event has
occurred in a certain interval
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
symmetric distributions - answer✔the left half of a data set being roughly identical to the right
half
bell curve - answer✔normal distribution, results from graphing frequency versus distribution for
a trait that varies continuously in a population
skewed-right - answer✔type of data distribution where frequency starts small, increases, then
gradually decreases again
skewed-left - answer✔distribution where data starts small and consistently increases before
dropping off again
u-shaped - answer✔distribution where data in the middle is lower than the data on the left or
right
uniform - answer✔distribution where all data is virtually the same
bimodal - answer✔data set with only two peaks
multimodal - answer✔data set with multiple peaks
statistics - answer✔the collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers
reliable data - answer✔data that is consistent and repeatable
valid data - answer✔data resulting from a test that accurately measures what it was intended to
measure
five number summary - answer✔lists the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and
maximum in a data set
quartiles - answer✔divides data into four equally sized groups
interquartile range - answer✔difference between the third quartile and the first quartile
normal symmetric (measures of center and spread) - answer✔mean; standard deviation
skewed (measures of center and spread) - answer✔median; range or interquartile range
explanatory variable (independent variable) - answer✔the cause of some result
response variable (dependent variable) - answer✔the affected or changed variable
C→C - answer✔both variables are categorical; displayed in a two way frequency table
(contingency table)
C→Q - answer✔categorical and quantitative; displayed in with side by side box plots
