Physical Anthropology Exam 4 Review
regulatory gene - correct answer ✔✔A gene that codes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls
the transcription of another gene or group of genes.
Neoteny - correct answer ✔✔when reproductive adults retain larval characteristics.
positive selection - correct answer ✔✔natural selection that increases the frequency of a favorable allele
negative selection - correct answer ✔✔natural selection that decreases the frequency of a harmful allele
outgroup - correct answer ✔✔"them" - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup
HAR (Highly Accelerated Region) - correct answer ✔✔
Variation - correct answer ✔✔Any difference between individuals of the same species.
SLI (specific language impairment) - correct answer ✔✔a language impairment in the absence of
hearing, oral structural or functioning, cognitive, or perceptual deficits
FOXP2 gene - correct answer ✔✔gene that impedes learning of the mouth and jaw movements involved
in speech production
Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) - correct answer ✔✔an inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the
hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells
selection-mutation balance - correct answer ✔✔An equilibrium that occurs when the rate at which
selection removes a deleterious gene is balanced by the rate at which mutation introduces that gene.
The frequency of genes at selection-mutation balance is typically quite low.
, Balanced polymorphism - correct answer ✔✔The ability of natural selection to maintain diversity in a
population.
heterozygote advantage - correct answer ✔✔Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals
compared to homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in gene pools.
lactase persistence - correct answer ✔✔continuation of lactase production beyond early childhood that
allows a person to digest milk and dairy products
Lactose intolerance - correct answer ✔✔The inability to completely digest the milk sugar lactose
Pastoralists - correct answer ✔✔nomads who kept herds of livestock on which they depended for most
of their food
Genetic variation - correct answer ✔✔Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or
other DNA segments
Environmental variation - correct answer ✔✔Differences between organisms caused by environmental
factors.
Heritability - correct answer ✔✔The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to
genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments
studied.
Environmental covariation - correct answer ✔✔The effect on phenotypes that occurs when the
environments of parents and offspring are similar. Because environmental covariation causes the
phenotypes of parents and offspring to be similar, it can falsely increase estimates of heritability.
GWAS (genomewide association studies) - correct answer ✔✔
SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) - correct answer ✔✔
regulatory gene - correct answer ✔✔A gene that codes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls
the transcription of another gene or group of genes.
Neoteny - correct answer ✔✔when reproductive adults retain larval characteristics.
positive selection - correct answer ✔✔natural selection that increases the frequency of a favorable allele
negative selection - correct answer ✔✔natural selection that decreases the frequency of a harmful allele
outgroup - correct answer ✔✔"them" - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup
HAR (Highly Accelerated Region) - correct answer ✔✔
Variation - correct answer ✔✔Any difference between individuals of the same species.
SLI (specific language impairment) - correct answer ✔✔a language impairment in the absence of
hearing, oral structural or functioning, cognitive, or perceptual deficits
FOXP2 gene - correct answer ✔✔gene that impedes learning of the mouth and jaw movements involved
in speech production
Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) - correct answer ✔✔an inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the
hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells
selection-mutation balance - correct answer ✔✔An equilibrium that occurs when the rate at which
selection removes a deleterious gene is balanced by the rate at which mutation introduces that gene.
The frequency of genes at selection-mutation balance is typically quite low.
, Balanced polymorphism - correct answer ✔✔The ability of natural selection to maintain diversity in a
population.
heterozygote advantage - correct answer ✔✔Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals
compared to homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in gene pools.
lactase persistence - correct answer ✔✔continuation of lactase production beyond early childhood that
allows a person to digest milk and dairy products
Lactose intolerance - correct answer ✔✔The inability to completely digest the milk sugar lactose
Pastoralists - correct answer ✔✔nomads who kept herds of livestock on which they depended for most
of their food
Genetic variation - correct answer ✔✔Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or
other DNA segments
Environmental variation - correct answer ✔✔Differences between organisms caused by environmental
factors.
Heritability - correct answer ✔✔The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to
genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments
studied.
Environmental covariation - correct answer ✔✔The effect on phenotypes that occurs when the
environments of parents and offspring are similar. Because environmental covariation causes the
phenotypes of parents and offspring to be similar, it can falsely increase estimates of heritability.
GWAS (genomewide association studies) - correct answer ✔✔
SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) - correct answer ✔✔
