LING 115 Final
bilingual - correct answer ✔someone who can communicate in 2 languages
fluently, effectively, and without hesitation
simultaneous bilingualism - correct answer ✔L1 and L2 acquired at an early
age
consecutive bilingualism - correct answer ✔L2 acquired after L1
Unitary Language Hypothesis - correct answer ✔children assume everything
they hear in L1 and L2 belongs to a single language
Separate Development Hypothesis - correct answer ✔children know that
there are 2 language systems from the start
Interference - correct answer ✔when first language affects the way a second
is learned and spoken
phonological interference - correct answer ✔L1 sound system affects L2
pronouncation
Grammatical Interference - correct answer ✔grammar of L1 interferes with
learning of L2 grammar
Lexical Interference - correct answer ✔Words from L1 are sometimes
borrowed into L2
, Critical Period Hypothesis - correct answer ✔limited amount of time during
which a person can achieve native-speaker level of proficiency in a langauge
Language Attrition - correct answer ✔language loss, as a result of change in
circumstances
Compound Bilinguals - correct answer ✔One concept, 2 words (typically
those who learn the languages simultaneously)
Coordinate Bilinguals - correct answer ✔Each word links to a separate
concept (typically when L1 and L2 are learned sequentially or in different
environments)
Subordinate bilinguals - correct answer ✔L2 words link to L1 associated
concept through L1 translation (when words of L2 are learned through words
of L1)
Additive Bilingualism - correct answer ✔the acquisition of a second language
that does not replace the native language, advanced linguistic skills, more
creativity and flexible in language use
Subtractive Bilingualism - correct answer ✔the acquisition of a second
language that replaces the native language
Causes of Subtractive Bilingualism - correct answer ✔L1 skills are not fully
developed when L2 is required to be learned quickly (results in burden,
overload to learn); minority children experience others acting negatively
toward L1
bilingual - correct answer ✔someone who can communicate in 2 languages
fluently, effectively, and without hesitation
simultaneous bilingualism - correct answer ✔L1 and L2 acquired at an early
age
consecutive bilingualism - correct answer ✔L2 acquired after L1
Unitary Language Hypothesis - correct answer ✔children assume everything
they hear in L1 and L2 belongs to a single language
Separate Development Hypothesis - correct answer ✔children know that
there are 2 language systems from the start
Interference - correct answer ✔when first language affects the way a second
is learned and spoken
phonological interference - correct answer ✔L1 sound system affects L2
pronouncation
Grammatical Interference - correct answer ✔grammar of L1 interferes with
learning of L2 grammar
Lexical Interference - correct answer ✔Words from L1 are sometimes
borrowed into L2
, Critical Period Hypothesis - correct answer ✔limited amount of time during
which a person can achieve native-speaker level of proficiency in a langauge
Language Attrition - correct answer ✔language loss, as a result of change in
circumstances
Compound Bilinguals - correct answer ✔One concept, 2 words (typically
those who learn the languages simultaneously)
Coordinate Bilinguals - correct answer ✔Each word links to a separate
concept (typically when L1 and L2 are learned sequentially or in different
environments)
Subordinate bilinguals - correct answer ✔L2 words link to L1 associated
concept through L1 translation (when words of L2 are learned through words
of L1)
Additive Bilingualism - correct answer ✔the acquisition of a second language
that does not replace the native language, advanced linguistic skills, more
creativity and flexible in language use
Subtractive Bilingualism - correct answer ✔the acquisition of a second
language that replaces the native language
Causes of Subtractive Bilingualism - correct answer ✔L1 skills are not fully
developed when L2 is required to be learned quickly (results in burden,
overload to learn); minority children experience others acting negatively
toward L1
