Lesson 91: Genetics Key Terms Biology with Lab
Trait: a feature that an organism displays that is inherited
Genetics: the study of the traits of organisms
Heredity: passing traits from one generation to the next
Self-pollinated: plants whose pollen can normally pollinate only its own eggs
Cross pollinated: plants whose pollen is artificially transferred to another plant
Purebred (or true breeding): organisms that have alleles for one specific
trait Gregor Mendel (known as the father of modern genetics
P generation (or parents): the two organisms whose genes produce offspring
F1 generation: the offspring from parents
F2 generation: the offspring produced by crossing two F1 individuals
Principle of Dominance and Recessiveness: one factor in a pair may mask
the effect of the other
Principle of Segregation: the two factors for a characteristic separate during
the formation of eggs and sperm
Principle of Independent Assortment: the factors for different characteristics
are distributed to reproductive cells independently
Probability: the likely outcome a given event will occur from random chance
Phenotype: the external appearance of an organism; refers to the physical
appearance of the individual
Genotype: the genetic makeup of an organism; refers to the alleles an
individual receives at fertilization
Homozygous dominant: genotypes possess two dominant alleles for a trait
(TT)
Homozygous recessive: genotypes possess two recessive alleles for a trait (tt)
Heterozygous: genotypes possess one of each allele for a particular trait (Tt);
the allele not expressed in a heterozygote is a recessive allele
Punnett Square: a chart drawn to determine the probable results of a genetic
cross
Trait: a feature that an organism displays that is inherited
Genetics: the study of the traits of organisms
Heredity: passing traits from one generation to the next
Self-pollinated: plants whose pollen can normally pollinate only its own eggs
Cross pollinated: plants whose pollen is artificially transferred to another plant
Purebred (or true breeding): organisms that have alleles for one specific
trait Gregor Mendel (known as the father of modern genetics
P generation (or parents): the two organisms whose genes produce offspring
F1 generation: the offspring from parents
F2 generation: the offspring produced by crossing two F1 individuals
Principle of Dominance and Recessiveness: one factor in a pair may mask
the effect of the other
Principle of Segregation: the two factors for a characteristic separate during
the formation of eggs and sperm
Principle of Independent Assortment: the factors for different characteristics
are distributed to reproductive cells independently
Probability: the likely outcome a given event will occur from random chance
Phenotype: the external appearance of an organism; refers to the physical
appearance of the individual
Genotype: the genetic makeup of an organism; refers to the alleles an
individual receives at fertilization
Homozygous dominant: genotypes possess two dominant alleles for a trait
(TT)
Homozygous recessive: genotypes possess two recessive alleles for a trait (tt)
Heterozygous: genotypes possess one of each allele for a particular trait (Tt);
the allele not expressed in a heterozygote is a recessive allele
Punnett Square: a chart drawn to determine the probable results of a genetic
cross
