Page 1 of 13
MCCANCE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 1 SAMPLE
QUESTIONS 2024 WITH RATIONALES
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction? - answer-Peroxisomes
Rationale: Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain
enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes.
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption? - answer-Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings.
Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained
in the: - answer-Nucleolus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cell injury? - answer-Lysosomes
, Page 2 of 13
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between
the powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of
the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion.
What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the
cell? - answer-The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the
nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? - answer-S
phase
Rationale: The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1
phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
(2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs,
the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes
by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes
to drive active pumps? - answer-Proteins
MCCANCE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 1 SAMPLE
QUESTIONS 2024 WITH RATIONALES
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction? - answer-Peroxisomes
Rationale: Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain
enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes.
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic
absorption? - answer-Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings.
Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained
in the: - answer-Nucleolus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cell injury? - answer-Lysosomes
, Page 2 of 13
Rationale: The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between
the powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of
the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion.
What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the
cell? - answer-The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the
nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? - answer-S
phase
Rationale: The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1
phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis;
(2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs,
the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase
(M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes
by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes
to drive active pumps? - answer-Proteins
