Aug 28, 2024
CH1 BRIEFING:
Structuralism – understanding the conscious experience through introspection.
● Wilhelm Wundt
Functionalism – focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment.
● William James
Psychoanalytic Theory – focuses on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior.
● Sigmund Freud
Gestalt Psychology – Focuses on humans as a whole rather than individual parts.
● Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler
Behaviorism – focuses on observing and controlling behavior.
● Pavlov, Watson, Skinner
Humanism - emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
● Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
FIGURES IN PSYCHOLOGY:
MARY WHITON CALKINS
● Studied dreams
● Woke people up periodically to take notes however trivial.
● dissertation on memory.
● Wasn’t given a doctoral degree though.
●
MARGARET FLOY WASHBURN
● First women to get psy doctorate
● Researched on animal behavior, and published an authoritative text on the subject.
, WILHEM WUNDT (STRUCTURALISM)
● He created the first laboratory for psychological research.
● Wundt emphasized structuralism. He focused on understanding the structure and
characteristics of the mind through introspection.
● Introspection - Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an
attempt to break it into its component parts
● What are the structures of the braina nd how do they contribute to functionality
SIGMUND FREUD (PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY)
● A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis, shared his ideas about psychoanalytical
therapy;
● Psychoanalytic theory, a perspective which dominated clinical psychology for many
decades.
● Studied “hysteria” and neurosis.
● Theorized that many of his patients’ problems arose from the unconscious mind.
● Believed that one way the unconscious mind could be accessed was through dream
analysis.
● Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious and early childhood
experiences.
● “unconscious drives behavior”
● Dreams have hidden meanings which reveal psychological truths.
● Personality develops over time.
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
● Kohler, Koffka and Wertheimer were German psychologists
● The idea that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts,
how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in
perception.
IVAN PAVLOV (CLASSICAL CONDITIONING)
● Dog and bell experiment
● classical conditioning.
CH1 BRIEFING:
Structuralism – understanding the conscious experience through introspection.
● Wilhelm Wundt
Functionalism – focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment.
● William James
Psychoanalytic Theory – focuses on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior.
● Sigmund Freud
Gestalt Psychology – Focuses on humans as a whole rather than individual parts.
● Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler
Behaviorism – focuses on observing and controlling behavior.
● Pavlov, Watson, Skinner
Humanism - emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
● Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
FIGURES IN PSYCHOLOGY:
MARY WHITON CALKINS
● Studied dreams
● Woke people up periodically to take notes however trivial.
● dissertation on memory.
● Wasn’t given a doctoral degree though.
●
MARGARET FLOY WASHBURN
● First women to get psy doctorate
● Researched on animal behavior, and published an authoritative text on the subject.
, WILHEM WUNDT (STRUCTURALISM)
● He created the first laboratory for psychological research.
● Wundt emphasized structuralism. He focused on understanding the structure and
characteristics of the mind through introspection.
● Introspection - Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an
attempt to break it into its component parts
● What are the structures of the braina nd how do they contribute to functionality
SIGMUND FREUD (PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY)
● A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis, shared his ideas about psychoanalytical
therapy;
● Psychoanalytic theory, a perspective which dominated clinical psychology for many
decades.
● Studied “hysteria” and neurosis.
● Theorized that many of his patients’ problems arose from the unconscious mind.
● Believed that one way the unconscious mind could be accessed was through dream
analysis.
● Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious and early childhood
experiences.
● “unconscious drives behavior”
● Dreams have hidden meanings which reveal psychological truths.
● Personality develops over time.
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
● Kohler, Koffka and Wertheimer were German psychologists
● The idea that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts,
how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in
perception.
IVAN PAVLOV (CLASSICAL CONDITIONING)
● Dog and bell experiment
● classical conditioning.
